Principles Of Behavioral And Cognitive Neurology

Principles of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology This page intentionally left blank Principles of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology SECOND EDITION M.-Marsel Mesulam OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2000 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris Sao Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 2000 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York, 10016 http://www.oup-usa.org Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Principles of behavioral and cognitive neurology / [edited by] M-Marsel Mesulam.— 2nd ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: Principles of behavioral neurology / [edited by] M-Marsel Mesulam. c1985. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13 978-0-19-513475-9 ISBN 0-19-513475-3 1. Mental Illness—Etiology. 2. Neuropsychology. 3. Brain—Diseases—Complications. I. Mesulam, M-Marsel. II. Principles of behavioral neurology. [DNLM: 1. Neuropsychology. 2. Cognition—psychology. WL 103.5 P957 2000] RC454.4.P73 2000 616.89—dc21 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 99-15581 98765 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Dedicated to the memories of Frank Benson Norman Geschwind Jean-Louis Signoret who contributed to the first edition of this book and whose inspiration remains alive in the second. This page intentionally left blank Preface The contributors to the first edition of this book were encouraged to emphasize principles rather than details. They were so successful that the book went through eight printings without appearing to become obsolete. Eventually, however, it became clear that new facts needed to be incorporated into a second edition. The magnitude of this venture was not fully realized until after the current project was initiated. Even authors whose task appeared to be as simple as updating an already excellent chapter decided to undertake an extensive and often complete rewriting. The second edition retains the spirit and philosophy of the first, but with an almost completely new content. The first edition was published in 1985, at a time when basic neuroscience was undergoing several crucial developments: The connections of the monkey brain were being charted with axonally transported tracers, details of chemical neuroanatomy were being revealed with immunohistochemistry, neuronal physiology was being explored with single-unit recordings in behaving animals, and primate models of human neuropsychological syndromes were being established with the help of targeted ablations. These advances were incorporated into the first edition of this book and lent a new sophistication to the traditional interpretation of brain-behavior relationships. Functional imaging remained somewhat peripheral in the first edition. Although the methodology had been introduced a decade earlier, it had not yet started to yield truly novel information beyond what had been established by traditional behavioral neurology. This seco