Toc: Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 2 Copyright Page......Page 3 Brief Contents......Page 4 Contents......Page 6 To the Student …......Page 18 About the Authors......Page 24 1 Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science......Page 26 1.1: Psychology: It's More Than You Think......Page 27 1.1.2: Applied Psychological Specialties......Page 28 1.2: Thinking Critically About Psychology and Pseudo-Psychology......Page 29 1.2.1: What Is Critical Thinking?......Page 30 Do It Yourself! Psychological Science or Psychobabble?......Page 32 Key Question: What Are Psychology's Six Main Perspectives?......Page 33 1.3.2: Two Variations on the Biological Theme......Page 34 1.4: The Founding of Scientific Psychology......Page 35 Do It Yourself! An Introspective Look at the Necker Cube......Page 36 1.4.5: The Modern Cognitive Perspective......Page 37 1.5.1: The Behavioral Perspective Focuses on the Observable and Measurable......Page 38 1.5.3: The Sociocultural Perspective Links Us to Others......Page 39 1.5.4: The Whole-Person Perspectives Revives Emphasis on the Whole......Page 40 Do It Yourself! Applying Psychology's Perspectives......Page 41 Key Question: How Do Psychologists Develop New Knowledge?......Page 42 1.7.1: Develop a Hypothesis......Page 43 1.7.2: Collect Objective Data......Page 44 1.8.1: Experiments......Page 45 1.8.2: Correlational Studies......Page 46 1.8.4: Naturalistic Observations......Page 49 1.9.1: Controlling Biases......Page 50 1.9.2: Ethical Issues in Psychological Research......Page 51 Do It Yourself! Is This Research Ethical?......Page 52 Psychology Matters: The Perils of Pseudo-Psychology......Page 54 Critical Thinking Applied: Do Childhood Vaccinations Increase Risk of Autism?......Page 55 Summary: Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science......Page 56 2 Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature......Page 58 CHAPTER PROBLEM: What does Jill's experience teach us about how our brain is organized and about its amazing ability to adapt?......Page 59 2.1: Evolution and Natural Selection......Page 60 2.1.2: Evolutionary Explanations for Psychological Processes......Page 61 2.2: Genetics and Inheritance......Page 62 2.2.2: Genetic Explanations for Psychological Processes......Page 63 2.3.2: More About the Genome......Page 64 2.3.3: How Life Experiences Change the Epigenome......Page 65 Psychology Matters: Choosing Your Children's Genes......Page 66 Key Question: How Does the Body Communicate Internally?......Page 67 2.4.1: Types of Neurons......Page 68 2.4.2: How Neurons Work......Page 69 2.4.3: Glial Cells: A Support Group for Neurons......Page 71 2.4.4: Neural Plasticity......Page 72 2.5: The Nervous System......Page 73 2.5.2: The Peripheral Nervous System......Page 74 2.6.1: How Does the Endocrine System Respond in a Crisis?......Page 76 Psychology Matters: How Psychoactive Drugs Affect the Nervous System......Page 77 2.7: Windows on the Brain......Page 78 2.7.4: Which Scanning Method Is Best?......Page 79 2.8: Three