Quantitative Reasoning: Tools For Today’s Informed Citizen

ffirs 4 October 2012; 9:0:8 ffirs 12 October 2012; 12:49:8 ffirs 12 October 2012; 12:49:8 QUANTITATIVE REASONING ffirs 12 October 2012; 12:49:8 ffirs 12 October 2012; 12:49:8 QUANTITATIVE REASONING TOOLS FOR TODAY’S INFORMED CITIZEN SECOND EDITION ALICIA SEVILLA KAY SOMERS ffirs 12 October 2012; 12:49:8 Vice President & Publisher Project Editor Content Editor Marketing Manager Marketing Assistant Media Assistant Production Editor Designer Product Designer Editorial Operations Manager Cover Photo Laurie Rosatone Jennifer Brady Beth Pearson Kimberly Kanakes Patrick Flatley Courtney Welsh Kenneth Santor Maureen Eide Thomas Kulesa Melissa Edwards Mitchell Funk/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images, Inc. Copyright © 2013, 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 (Web site: www.copyright.com). Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at: www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live and work. In 2008, we launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a global effort to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our business. Among the issues we are addressing are carbon impact, paper specifications and procurement, ethical conduct within our business and among our vendors, and community and charitable support. For more information, please visit our website: www.wiley.com/go/citizenship. Evaluation copies are provided to qualified academics and professionals for review purposes only, for use in their courses during the next academic year. These copies are licensed and may not be sold or transferred to a third party. Upon completion of the review period, please return the evaluation copy to Wiley. Return instructions and a free of charge return shipping label are available at: www.wiley.com/go/returnlabel. If you have chosen to adopt this textbook for use in your course, please accept this book as your complimentary desk copy. Outside of the United States, please contact your local sales representative. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN-13 978-0-470-59271-7 ISBN-13 binder-ready version 978-1-118-40683-0 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ffirs 12 October 2012; 12:49:9 CONTENTS ’’’’’’’’’’ Annotated Contents xi Preface xvii To the Student xxiii To the Instructor xxv Acknowledgments xxvii Section I: Numerical Reasoning Topic 1: Organizing Information Pictorially Using Charts and Graphs 2 Activity 1.1: World Motor Vehicle Production: Bar Graphs and Pie Charts 27 Activity 1.2: Medical Data and Class Data: Graphs with Excel 35 Activity 1.3: SATs and the Super Bowl: