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LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Class
THE CHEMISTRY OF PIGMENTS
THE
CHEMISTRY OF PIGMENTS
BY
EENEST
J.
PAEEY,
B.Sc. (LoND.), E.I.C., F.C.S.
AUTHOR OF " THE CHEMISTRY OF ESSENTIAL
OILS
AND
ARTIFICIAL
PERFUMES," ETC.
JOHN
H. COSTE,
F.I.C., F.C.S.
WITH FIVE ILLUSTRATIONS
LONDON SCOTT, 19
GEEENWOOD LUDGATE
& CO.
HILL, E.G.
1902 [All rights reserved]
t> .;
GENERM-
-^C^
PREFACE. THE
authors have in the following pages endeavoured to indicate the chemical relationships, composition and properties of most of the better -known pigments.
During recent years they have given a great deal of attention to the examination of painters' colours,
and have from time in
obtaining
This
led
reliable
a
to
obtaining and
and
it
was
felt
to time found
information
considerable
some
difficulty
on the subject.
amount
of
work
in
specimens of pigments, that the information thus gained
examining
might usefully be published. Speaking generally, the plan of the authors has been to treat the various pigments in groups, allied Motives of chemically rather than chromatically. in led to a modificasome cases convenience have tion of this scheme.
of colours
The methods
of
manufacture
have been considered rather from the
it is chemical than the technical point of view not suggested by the authors that the present work ;
any sense a manual of colour-making. Analytical processes which, in most cases, the authors have by experience found suitable are
is
in
described,
and the nature
of
104628
probable impurities,
PREFACE.
VI
adulterations and other causes of inferiority pointed
and numerous analyses of genuine and sophisticated pigments, for the most part by the authors, out,
are given as illustrating the
composition of these on colour and on the Preliminary chapters application of pigments have been added. bodies.
It
may upon
be
the hope of the authors that this work found of use by those who are called
to
use or examine pigments as a guide to
is
the selection of those which are suitable, and the rejection of those which as a class or through individual
of
work
inferiority
are
unsuitable
for
the class
to be undertaken. E. J. P. J.
LONDON,
October, 1901.
H.
C.
CONTENTS. CHAPTER
I.
INTRODUCTORY.
White Light The Spectrum The Invisible SpectrumNormal Spectrum Simple Nature of Pure Spectral Colour The Kecomposition of White Light Primary and Comple-
Light
Coloured Bodies
mentary Colours
CHAPTER
Absorption Spectra pages 1 to 17 II.
THE APPLICATION OF PIGMENTS. Uses
of
Pigments:
Decorative, Protective
Artistic,
Methods
of
Application of Pigments Pastels and Crayons, Water Colour, Tempera Painting, Fresco, Encaustic Painting, Oil-Colour Painting, Keramic Art, Enamel, Stained and Painted Glass, :
Mosaic
pages 18 to 76
CHAPTER
III.
INORGANIC PIGMENTS.
W
T
Zinc hite Enamel White Whitening Red Lead Litharge Vermilion- -Royal Scarlet The Chromium Gree