INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS FOURTH EDITION
For Joy—who continues to construct and tend institutions of value to many of us
INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS Ideas, Interests, and Identities FOURTH EDITION
W. Richard Scott Stanford University
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Scott, W. Richard.
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Institutions and organizations: ideas, interests and identities / W. Richard Scott, Stanford University.—[Fourth edition].
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pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4522-4222-4 (pbk.) 1. Organizational sociology. 2. Social institutions. I. Title. HM786.S3845 2013 302.3’5—dc23 2013006136 This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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Contents Preface to the Fourth Edition
vii
Introduction xi 1. Early Institutionalists Early Institutional Theory in Economics Early Institutional Theory in Political Science Early Institutional Theory in Sociology
1 2 6 10
2. Institutional Theory Meets Organization Studies Institutions and Organizations: Early Approaches Foundations of Neoinstitutional Theory
21 22 30
3. Crafting an Analytic Framework I: Three Pillars of Institutions Defining Institutions The Three Pillars of Institutions The Three Pillars and Legitimacy Basic Assumptions Associated With the Three Pillars
55 56 59 71 74
4. Crafting an Analytic Framework II: Logics, Agency, Carriers, and Levels Institutional Logics and Organizations Agency and Institutions Varying Carriers Varying Levels of Analysis
87 88 92 95 104
5. Institutional Construction Creating Institutions Selected Studies of Institutional Construction
113 114 128
6. Institutionalization Three Conceptions of Institutionalization: Underlying Mechanisms Maintaining and Diffusing Institutions
143 144 151
Deinstitutionalization Processes Carriers and Institutional Mechanisms
166 171
7. Institutional Processes and Organizations Organizations and Institutions: Three Views Legitimacy, Isomorphism, and Coupling Institutional Context and Organizational Structure Interactive Processes Strategic Responses Sources of Divergence
181 182 183 193 200 210 216
8. Institutional Processes and Organization Fields Conceptualizing Organization Fields Key Components of Organization Fields Field Structuration Processes A Revised Agenda and Framework
219 220 225 235 256
9. An Overview, an Observation, a Caution, and a Sermon Distinctive Features The Maturation of Institutional Theory and Rese