E-Book Content
SPECIAL REPORT: FOUR KEYS TO THE COSMOS
Making Sense of Microwave Ripples, Gravity Leaks and More FEBRUARY 2004
$4.95
WWW.SCIAM.COM
ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTERS ENABLE BETTER ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS
THE MYSTERY OF SHOCK WHY DID CRIME RATES FALL?
COPYRIGHT 2004 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
contents february 2004
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Volume 290 Number 2
features
BIOTECHNOLOGY
36
Insights into Shock BY DONALD W. LANDRY AND JUAN A. OLIVER
For thousands of people every year, a catastrophic drop in blood pressure is the immediate cause of death. Yet shock is becoming more treatable. SPECIAL REPORT
42 Four Keys to Cosmology 44 The Cosmic Symphony BY WAYNE HU AND MARTIN WHITE
Sound waves powerfully shaped the early universe.
54 Reading the Blueprints of Creation BY MICHAEL A. STRAUSS
New surveys highlight extraordinary cosmic structures.
62 From Slowdown to Speedup
62 Type Ia supernovae shed light on changing rates of cosmic expansion
BY ADAM G. RIESS AND MICHAEL S. TURNER
Supernovae reveal when the expansion of the universe sped up.
68 Out of the Darkness BY GEORGI DVALI
A leakage of gravity might cause cosmic acceleration.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
76 Better Displays with Organic Films BY WEBSTER E. HOWARD
Light-emitting organic materials can make electronic displays brighter, more efficient—and soon, as thin and flexible as plastic. CRIMINOLOGY
82
The Case of the Unsolved Crime Decline BY RICHARD ROSENFELD
Crime rates in the U.S. plummeted in the 1990s. None of the common theories fully explains why, however. www.sciam.com
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
COPYRIGHT 2004 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC.
3
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
Volume 290 Num