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Fostering an intuitive understanding of chemistry, Physical Chemistry: Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Interactions presents the structure and unity of the theoretical framework of modern chemistry in a progression from the single atom to the bulk limit. Employing an engaging and somewhat informal tone, this new text delivers a superior presentation of rigorous mathematical derivations, thermodynamics, and quantum theory and mechanics in a manner that is accessible and applicable to diverse readers.
E-Book Content
The Periodic Table of the Elements
1 1
99.99% 0.01%
3
22.9898 sodium
[Ne]3s1 22.99 21.99
19
Be
Configuration
1
Nuclear mass (amu)
Na 12
S0 3/2 0
100% 1.5My
S1/2 [Ne]2s2 3/2 23.98 3 25.98
K 20
40.078 calcium
S0 0 0
132.905 cesium
87 [Rn]7s1 223.0 212.0
Sr 39
87.62 strontium
Cs 56
100% 2.3My
francium
S0 [Kr]5s24d1 0 88.91 100% 0 87.91 107d
Ba 57
137.327 barium
1
[Xe]6s2
S1/2 7/2 137.9 7/2 136.9
Fr 88
Ra 89
radium
2
22.0m 20.0m
140.115 cerium
[Xe]6s24f15d1* 139.9 88.48% 141.9 11.08%
232.038 thorium
[Rn]7s26d 2 232.0 100% 230.0 75ky
S1/2 [Rn]7s2 3/2 226.0 5 228.0
actinium
S0 [Rn]7s26d1 0 227.0 22y 0 225.0 10.0d
140.908 Pr praseodymium
3
Pa 92
protactinium
F2 [Rn]7s26d15f 2 0 231.0 32ky 0 233.0 27.0d
4
238.029 uranium
K11/2 [Rn]7s26d15f 3 3/2 238.1 99.27% 3/2 235.0 0.72%
91.224 zirconium
3
D3/2 [Kr]5s24d 2 1/2 89.91 51.45% 4 93.91 17.5%
La 72 2
D3/2 7/2 5
179.9 177.9
F2 [Ar]4s23d 3 0 50.94 99.75% 0 49.95 0.25%
92.9064 niobium
F2 [Kr]5s14d 4 0 92.91 100% 0 91.91 37My
Hf 73
178.49 hafnium
3
[Xe]6s24f 145d 2 35.2% 27.1%
Ac 104
180.948 tantalum
F2 0 180.9 0 179.9
D3/2 3/2 3/2
263 261
Rf 105
Pm 62
promethium
5
I 4 [Xe]6s24f 5 0 144.9 17.7y 0 145.9 5.53y
5
L6 0 7/2
262.1 263.1
20m 75s
61
U 93
99.99% 0.01%
neptunium
[Rn]7s26d15f 4 237.0 2.1My 236.0 155ky
6
dubnium
2
Term symbol Nuclear spin
Natural isotopic abundance if stable
H5/2 [Xe]6s24f 6 5/2 151.9 26.7% 3 153.9 22.7%
Np 94 6
95.94 Mo molybdenum
plutonium
L11/2 [Rn]7s25f 6 5/2 244.1 82My 6 242.1 376ky
S3 [Kr]5s24d 5 0 97.91 4.2My 0 96.91 2.6My
W 75
183.84 tungsten
5
[Xe]6s24f 145d 4
F3/2 7/2 183.9 9 186.0
30.7% 28.6%
Db 106
D0 0 187.0 0 185.0
Sg 107
seaborgium
266 265
Sm 63 7
7
272 264
21s 16s
151.965 europium
F0 [Xe]6s24f 7 0 152.9 52.2% 0 150.9 47.8%
Pu 95
americium
F0 [Rn]7s15f 7 0 243.1 7.4ky 0 241.1 432y
186.207 rhenium
[Xe]6s24f145d5
Eu 64 8
62.6% 37.4%
bohrium
Am 96 8
Tc 44
Re 76 6
277 269
S7/2 [Rn]7s25f 76d1 5/2 247.1 16My 5/2 248.1 340ky
65
5
Cm 97 9
4
F9/2 1/2 1/2
D4 0 193.0 0 191.0
278 276
Tb 66
158.925 terbium 6
4
62.7% 37.3%