The Development Of Catalysis: A History Of Key Processes And Personas In Catalytic Science And Technology

The Development of Catalysis The Development of Catalysis A History of Key Processes and Personas in Catalytic Science and Technology Adriano Zecchina Salvatore Califano Copyright © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Names: Zecchina, Adriano, 1936- | Califano, S. Title: The development of catalysis : a history of key processes and personas in catalytic science and technology / Adriano Zecchina, Salvatore Califano. Description: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016039869| ISBN 9781119181262 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119181309 (pdf ) | ISBN 9781119181293 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Catalysis–History. | Photocatalysis–History. | Biocatalysis–History. | Chemistry, Physical and theoretical–History. Classification: LCC QD505 .Z43 2017 | DDC 541/.395–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016039869 Typeset in 10/12pt, Warnock by SPi Global, Chennai, India Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 v Contents Preface ix 1 From the Onset to the First Large-Scale Industrial Processes 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Origin of the Catalytic Era 1 Berzelius and the Affinity Theory of Catalysis 4 Discovery of the Occurrence of Catalytic Processes in Living Systems in the Nineteenth Century 6 Kinetic Interpretation of Catalytic Processes in Solutions: The Birth of Homogeneous Catalysis 8 Onset of Heterogeneous Catalysis 18 First Large-Scale Industrial Processes Based on Heterogeneous Catalysts 26 Sulfuric Acid Synthesis 26 Ammonia Problem 29 Ammonia Oxidation Process 32