осип мандельштам: годы учения в санкт-петербургском университете (по материалам центрального государственного исторического архива санкт-петербурга)

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Russian Literature LXVIII (2010) III/IV www.elsevier.com/locate/ruslit Ɉɋɂɉ ɆȺɇȾȿɅɖɒɌȺɆ: ȽɈȾɕ ɍɑȿɇɂə ȼ ɋȺɇɄɌɉȿɌȿɊȻɍɊȽɋɄɈɆ ɍɇɂȼȿɊɋɂɌȿɌȿ (ɉɈ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅȺɆ ɐȿɇɌɊȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ ȽɈɋɍȾȺɊɋɌȼȿɇɇɈȽɈ ɂɋɌɈɊɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ȺɊɏɂȼȺ ɋȺɇɄɌ-ɉȿɌȿɊȻɍɊȽȺ) 1 (OSIP MANDEL’SHTAM. STUDENT YEARS AT ST. PETERSBURG UNIVERSITY. BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE CENTRAL STATE HISTORICAL ARCHIVES OF ST. PETERSBURG) Ɇ. Ƚ. ɋȺɅɖɆȺɇ (M. G. SAL’MAN) Abstract This article contains new information on the life of the poet as a student at St. Petersburg University, on the lectures he attended, his professors and his exams. Some important dates are corrected. The article is based on archival documents mostly unpublished (1907-1917), found in the university file of Mandel’shtam. There is additional information in the footnotes on the events and persons mentioned in the text. Keywords: Mandel’shtam; Gumilev; Piast; St. Petersburg University Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ – ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɨɛɢɯɨɞ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɬɵ ɜ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɩɨɷɬɚ. ȼɫɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɡ ɟɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ 2 ʋ 1416 ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɐȽɂȺ ɋɉɛ. (Ɏɨɧɞ 14. Ɉɩɢɫɶ 3. Ⱦɟɥɨ 59170), ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɜ ɤɪɭɝɥɵɯ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɢɫɬɵ ɞɟɥɚ, ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɩɢɹ ɢ, ɩɪɢ 0304-3479/$ – see front matter © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ruslit.2010.12.009 Author's personal copy 448 Ɇ. Ƚ. ɋɚɥɶɦɚɧ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɉɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɬɨɱɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ. ȼ ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɦ ɧɚɲɢ ɤɨɧɴɟɤɬɭɪɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɮɨɧɞɟ ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ ɞɟɥɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ, ɭɱɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɦ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ (ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɋɉɛɂɍ) ɞɨ 1917, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɰɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɚɪɯɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɵ. Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ Ɉ. ɗ. Ɇɚɧɞɟɥɶɲɬɚɦɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɥɟɬɨɦ 1907 (ɜ ɰɢɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɹ “Ɇɚɧɞɟɥɶɲɬɚɦ” ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɤɥɨɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɞɟɠɚɯ). 3 ɋɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ. ʋ 356 [ɋɥɟɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɹɯ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶ: “ɉɨɫɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ʋ 474”] ɨ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɤɟ ɤ ɩɪɢɡɵɜɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɭ. ɋ.-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɤɭɩɟɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɵɧ Ɉɫɢɩ ɗɦɢɥɶɟɜɢɱ Ɇɚɧɞɟɥɶɲɬɚɦ, ɪɨɞɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ 2 ɹɧɜɚɪɹ Ɍɵɫɹɱɚ ɜɨɫɟɦɶɫɨɬ ɞɟɜɹɧɨɫɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ, ɩɪɢɩɢɫɚɧ ɩɨ ɨɬɛɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɪɢɡɵɜɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɋ.-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚ. ȼɟɪɨɢɫɩɨɜɟɞɚɧɢɹ ɂɭɞɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ [...] ȼɵɲɟɩɨɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ Ɇɚɧɞɟɥɶɲɬɚɦ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɵɫɹɱɚ ɞɟɜɹɬɶɫɨɬ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ [...] ȼɵɞɚɧɨ ɋ.-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɸ Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɸ ɍɩɪɚɜɨɸ 1 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ 1907 ɝɨɞɚ [...] ə, ɧɢɠɟɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ, ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɹɸ ɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɩɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɞɥɢ