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Modification and mixing multi-layer systems by means of a high-power ion beam
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A.D. Pogrebnjaka,*, R.I. Shantyra,b, O.P. Kul’’ment’’evaa
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a Sumy Institute for Surface Modification, P.O. Box 163, str.Romenskaya 87, 40030 Sumy, Ukraine Martin-Luther-Universitat, Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Physik, Experimentelle Physik III, Fridemann-Bach-Platz 6, D-06108 Halle/ Saale, Germany
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Received 31 January 2002; received in revised form 20 March 2002; accepted 25 March 2002
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Scanning electron microscopy, secondary ion-mass spectrometry, and XRD structure analysis were used to study the effects of irradiation of a thin Al/Ni film on an Fe substrate system by a high-power ion beam with an energy density B50 J/cm2. The irradiated surface is not uniform and contains no craters. A mixed layer which improves the corrosion resistance and the micro-hardness is formed. The results of the experimental studies have interesting industrial application. r 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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Keywords: Irradiation; Melting; Resolidification; Diffusion; Micro-hardness; Corrosion resistance
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1. Introduction 31
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Methods of treatment of metal materials by means of concentrated flows of energy are known to offer very promising possibilities in surface engineering research. During ion treatment, the surface properties are modified as a result of injection of high-energy ions. This gives the possibility of changing the structure of near surface layers. Such methods help us to change directly some properties of materials, for example, micro-hardness, wear and corrosion resistance, and frictional,
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*Corresponding author. Tel.: +380-542-22-0338; fax: +380542-241-545. E-mail address:
[email protected] (A.D. Pogrebnjak).
optical, magnetic and emission characteristics [1,2]. High-power ion beams (HPIB) have a range of advantages in comparison to lasers. These are: noticeably higher efficiency, bigger areas of treatment (up to 103 cm2), high levels of absorption in different materials, bigger depths of modification and lower fluences [3,4]. The interaction of energetic ions with atoms of solids causes their displacement from their initial position. These displacements result in a change of the micro-structure and movement of the material. The latter effect is usually called ion or atomic mixing [5,6]. It must be stressed that ion mixing can be provided in different ways. The efficiency of each way depends on many factors: ion energy and its dose, the masses of the ion and target atom, and the irradia