The Stability Of Minerals

The Stability of Minerals Mineralogical Society Series The Stability of Minerals Edited by Geoffrey D. Price MA, PhD Professor of Mineral Physics and Nancy L. Ross as, MSc, PhD Lecturer in Mineral Physics Crystallography and Mineral Physics Unit Department of GeologicalSciences University College London Published in association with The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland iiIti~.iiNi K L U W E R A C A D E M I C PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data The Stability of Minerals/edited by Geoffrey D. Price and Nancy L. Ross. - - 1st ed. p. cm. - - Mineralogical Society series) 'Published in association with the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland.' Papers presented at a meeting, held at University College London, England, in December 1989, under the auspices of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-412-44150-0 1. Minerals--Congresses. 2. Molecular structure---Congresses. I. Price, Geoffrey D. II. Ross, Nancy L. III. Mineralogical Society (Great Britain) IV. Series. QE364.$76 1992 549'. 131--xlc20 92-20179 CIP Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Originally published by Chapman & Hall First edition 1992, reprinted 1999 © 1992 Geoffrey D. Price, Nancy L. Ross and the contributors Typeset in 10/12p Times by Interprint Ltd, Malta Printed in the Netherlands ISBN 0 412 44150 0 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address prinled on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Printed on acid-free paper Contents Contributors ix Preface xi The stability of minerals: an introduction Nancy L. Ross and Geoffrey D. Price 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Theories of crystal structures 1.3 Geometrical constraints on crystal structures 1.4 Electronic factors and mineral stability 1.5 Thermodynamics and crystal stability 1.6 Conclusion References 1 I 2 3 10 15 21 21 Bond topology, bond valence, and structure stability Frank C. Hawthorne 25 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Structures as graphs 2.3 Topological aspects of molecular orbital theory 2.4 Topological aspects of crystal chemistry 2.5 Bond-valence theory 2.6 Stru