Reactivity And Transport Of Heavy Metals In Soils

REACTIVITY and TRANSPORT of HEAVY METALS in SOILS REACTIVITYand TRANSPORT of HEAVY METALS in SOILS H. Madgi Selim Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana Michael C. Amacher u.s. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Logan, Utah o LEWIS PUBLISHERS Boca Raton New York London Tokyo Acquiring Editor Joel Stein Project Editor Carole Sweatman Marketing Manager Greg Daurelle Cover Design Denise Craig Manufacturing Sheri Schwartz Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Selim, Hussein Magdi Eldin, 1944Reactivity and transport of heavy metals in soils / by H. M. Selim and M. C. Amacher. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87371-473-3 (alk. paper) I. Soils-Heavy metal content. 2. Heavy metals-Environmental aspects. 3. Soils-Solute movement. I. Amacher, Michael C. II. Title. S592.6.H43S45 1996 628.5' 5-dc20 96-11372 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. CRe Press, Inc.'s consent does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. © 1997 by eRC Press, Inc. Lewis Publishers is an imprint of CRe Press No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 0-87371-473-3 Library of Congress Card Number 96-11372 Printed in the United States of America I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper To our wives Liz and Jan Preface The subject of transport of solutes in porous media is one of the fascinating areas of science. The fate of many heavy metal solutes in the environment is of some concern because of their potential reactivity, toxicity, and mobility in the soil. Moreover, heavy metals in the soil undergo a series of complex interactions that are governed by soil properties and conditions. Understanding of such complex interactions is a prerequisite in the effort to predict the behavior and mobility of heavy metals in the soil system. Although the reactivity and transport of heavy metals in soils are the subject of this book, the modeling approaches described herein are applicable to other reactive solutes in soils. Most of the modeling applications (examples) presented in this book deal with Cr(VI), Cd, and Zn because of their economic importance and potential toxicity. Other heavy metals used in modeling applications include Hg, Pb, and Cu. Due to the presence of elevated levels of heavy metals, many sites have been identified as hazardous