руководство армии сша по подрывным работам (explosives And Demolitions) версия 1992 г

FM 5-250 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 15 June 1992 Field Manual 5-250 i FM 5-250 ii FM 5-250 iii FM 5-250 iv FM 5-250 v FM 5-250 vi FM 5-250 vii FM 5-250 viii FM 5-250 ix FM 5-250 x FM 5-250 xi FM 5-250 xii FM 5-250 xiii FM 5-250 xiv FM 5-250 xv FM 5-250 xvi FM 5-250 xvii FM 5-250 xviii FM 5-250 xix FM 5-250 xx FM 5-250 xxii FM 5-250 xxi FM 5-250 xxiv FM 5-250 xxiii FM 5-250 xxv FM 5-250 xxvi FM 5-250 xxvii FM 5-250 Preface The purpose of this manual is to provide technical information on explosives used by United States military forces and their most frequent applications. This manual does not discuss all applications but presents the most current information on demolition procedures used in most situations. If used properly, explosives serve as a combat multiplier to deny maneuverability to the enemy. Focusing mainly on these countermobility operations, this manual provides a basic theory of explosives, their characteristics and common uses, formulas for calculating various types of charges, and standard methods of priming and placing these charges. When faced with unusual situations, the responsible engineer must either adapt one of the recommended demolition methods or design the demolition from basic principles presented in this and other manuals. The officer in charge must maintain ultimate responsibility for the demolition design, ensuring the safe and efficient application of explosives. Acknowledgment Acknowledgment is gratefully made to the British Ministry of Defence for permitting the reproduction of portions of the "Royal Engineers Training Notes No. 35 (Special) – An Improved Guide to Bridge Demolitions," 1976. The proponent for this publication is HQ, TRADOC. Submit changes for improving this publication on DA Form 2028 and forward it to Commandant, US Army Engineer School, ATTN: ATSE-TDM-P, Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri 65473-6650. The provisions of this publication are the subject of international agreements: STANAG 2017 (ENGR), Orders to the Demolition Guard Commander and Demolition Firing Party Commander (Non-Nuclear):STANAG 2123 (ENGR), Obstacle Folder; QSTAG 508, Orders to the Demolition Guard Commander and Demolition Firing Party Commander; and QSTAG 743, Obstacle Target Folder. Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively to men. This publication contains copyrighted material. xxix FM 5-250 Chapter 1 Military Explosives Section I. Demolition Materials 1-1. Characteristics. To be suitable for use in military operations, explosives must have certain properties. Military explosives— Should be inexpensive to manufacture and capable of being produced from readily available raw materials. Must be relatively insensitive to shock or friction, yet be able to positively detonate by easily prepared initiators. Must be capable of shattering and must have the potential energy (high energy output per unit volume) adequate for the purpose of demolitions. M