композиция как ключ к интерпретации некоторых романов дорис лессинг

fnkpnu.at.ua Філологічні науки. 2014. Випуск 36 Summary. Throughout the XIX cent. the image of Jews in Ukrainian literature was portrayed rather stereotypically: critically and poignantly with an emphasis on economic exploitation. Only in the early XX cent. treatment of Jewish themes gained significant development. Ambiguous, contradictory attitudes or even transformation of the theme can be observed in the literary works of Ukrainian writers by the close of the XIX – early XX cent. However, it is important that the image of the Jewish people has always attracted writers of the affected period. Creating positive images, authors sought to break the stereotypes that prevailed in the XIX cent. and to prove that Jews, though engaged in trade, also earn respect. So, the writers sympathize with the poor, oppressed Jewish ragamuffins in the stories «Peysah Leiderman’s Happiness», «Empty swing» (by M. Levytskiy), «Poor kike Ratitsa» (by T. Bordulyak). S. Vasylchenko in his «Behind the walls», and N. Kybalchych in the story «Cloudlet» argue against anti-Semitism at the mundane level. Complicated Ukrainian-Jewish relations amid the revolutionary events of 1905 – 1907 were problematized by V. Vynnychenko in his drama «Disharmony» and L. Yanovska in the novel «Slogan». Notable development the Jewish theme gained in I. Franko’s literary works. His interpretation of these characters in the fictional world is full of philosophical problems. In such works as «Gershko Goldmaher», «Gawa and Vovkun», «Pies with huckleberries», «Yats Zelepuga», «Cross-paths» and others Franko raised the problem of the painful for Ukrainian society topic of international relations. An important contribution to the development of the images of Jews in Ukrainian literature of the period made M. Kotsyubynskyi and V. Leontovych. Writers appeal to the experience of the readers and social stereotypes about Jews that have developed in the late XIX – early XX cent. Their characters actually exhibit traits that are traditionally attributed to representatives of the Jewish nation: practicality, pride, suspicion. However, M. Kotsyubynskyi and V. Leontovych are not limited to common typification and try to show the source of such traits. It seems important also to notice a positive description of the Jews by both authors. Though having common features in interpreting the images of the Jews M. Kotsyubynskyi and V. Leontovych in their works create absolutely distinctive and individual characters. Key words: image of the Jew, narrator, idiostyle, anti-Semitism, the negative national stereotypes. Отримано: 25.08.2014 р. УДК 821.111-31.09“19” Миколайчик М.В. КОМПОЗИЦИЯ КАК КЛЮЧ К ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ НЕКОТОРЫХ РОМАНОВ ДОРИС ЛЕССИНГ Я хотела говорить через форму книги Д. Лессинг Пропонуються висновки порівняльного аналізу композицій і сюжетів творів Доріс Лессінг «Золотий записник», «Літо перед темрявою» та «Діти насильства». Усі три твори базуються на архетипній схемі пошуку, яка втілює процес індивідуації головної героїні, що композиційно відбито у розподілі художніх текстів на частини за принципом четвериці. Розкриваються комплекси мотивів, які наповнюють цю схему. Ключові слова: композиція, сюжет, мотив, архетип, анімус, персона, самість. Британская писательница Дорис Лессинг не раз сетовала на то, что мало кто из критиков и простых читателей обратил внимание на форму ее завоевавшего в англоязычной среде огромную популярность романа «Золотая тетрадь», и это