Erosional Development Of Streams And Their Drainage Basins: Hydrological Approach To Quantitative Morphology

Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on March 3, 2011 Geological Society of America Bulletin EROSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF STREAMS AND THEIR DRAINAGE BASINS; HYDROPHYSICAL APPROACH TO QUANTITATIVE MORPHOLOGY ROBERT E HORTON Geological Society of America Bulletin 1945;56;275-370 doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[275:EDOSAT]2.0.CO;2 Email alerting services click www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles cite this article Subscribe click www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions/ to subscribe to Geological Society of America Bulletin Permission request click http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#g sa to contact GSA Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. Notes Copyright © 1945, The Geological Society of America, Inc. Copyright is not claimed on any material prepared by U.S. government employees within the scope of their employment. Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on March 3, 2011 BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA VOL. 56, PP. 275-370, 40 FIGS. MARCH 1945 EROSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF STREAMS AND THEIR DRAINAGE BASINS; HYDROPHYSICAL APPROACH TO QUANTITATIVE MORPHOLOGY BY ROBERT E. HORTON CONTENTS Abstract Acknowledgments List of symbols used Playfair's law Quantitative physiographic factors General considerations Stream orders Drainage density Length of overland flow Stream frequency Composition of drainage net Laws of drainage composition Total length of streams of a given order Channel-storage capacity General equation of composition of stream systems Relation of size of drainage area to stream order Law of stream slopes Determination of physiographic factors for drainage basins Relation of geologic structures to drainage composition Infiltration theory of surface runoff General statement Infiltration-capacity Overland or sheet flow Law of overland flow Index of turbulence Types of overland flow Rain-wave trains Profile of overland flow Surface erosion by overland flow Soil-erosion processes Resistance to erosion Eroding force Critical length xa—Belt of no erosion Erosion rate Total erosion and erosion depth Relation of erosion to slope length Rain intensity and erosion Transportation and sedimentation 275 Page 277 279 279 280 281 281 281 283 284 285 285 286 291 292 292 293 295 295 300 306 306 307 309 309 312 312 313 314 315 315 317 319 320 324 324 325 326 329 Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on March 3, 2011 276 E. E. HOETON—EEOS10NAL DEVELOPMENT OF STRE