Air Quality And Ecological Impacts: Relating Sources To Effects

Air Quality and Ecological Impacts: Relating Sources to Effects Edited by Allan H. Legge Biosphere Solutions, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Amsterdam – Boston – Heidelberg – London – New York – Oxford Paris – San Diego – San Francisco – Singapore – Sydney – Tokyo Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX28DP, UK First edition 2009 Copyright r 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (þ44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (þ44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected] Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-08-095201-7 ISSN: 1474-8177 For information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in Hungary 09 10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Legge Cover Information From Left to Right Far left: Navajo Coal-Fired Power Generating Station near Page, Arizona. Middle top left: Acute foliar injury to the leaves of Wild Rose (Rosa acicularis Lindl.) exposed to elevated concentrations of SO2 when leaves were wet with water droplets is seen as reddish-brown interveinal necrotic areas with smooth and regular margins. When the leaves of Wild Rose are dry when e