The Renaissance

THE RENAISSANCE Studies in European History Series Editors: John Breuilly julian jackson Peter Wilson jeremy Black A Military Revolution? Military Change and European Society, 1550-1800 The French Revolution: Class War or Culture Gash? T.C.W. Blanning (2nd edn) john Breuilly Peter Burke Michael L. Dockrill and Michael F. Hopkins William Doyle William Doyle Andy Durgan Geoffrey Ellis Donald A. Filtzer Mary Fulbrook The Cold War 1945-1991 (2nd edn) The Ancien Regime (2nd edn) jansen ism The Spanish Civil War The Napoleonic Empire (2nd edn) The Krushchev Era Interpretations of the Two Germanies, 1945-1990 Graeme Gill Hugh Gough john Henry Stalinism (2nd edn) The Terror in the French Revolution The Scientific Revolution and the Origins of Modem Science Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann Henry Kamen Richard Mackenney Andrew Porter Roy Porter Roger Price james Retallack Geoffrey Scarre and john Callan R.W. Scribner and C. Scott Dixon Robert Service jeremy Smith David Stevenson Peter H. Wilson Oliver Zimmer The Formation of the First German Nation-State, 1800-1871 The Renaissance (2nd edn) (2nd edn) (3rd edn) CivilSodety, 175~1914 Golden Age Spain (2nd edn) The City-State, 1500-1700 European Imperialism, 1860-1914 The Enlightenment (2nd edn) The Revolutions of 1848 Germany in the Age of Kaiser Wilhelm II Witchcraft and Magic in 16th- and 17th- Century Europe (2nd edn) The German Reformation (2nd edn) The Russian Revolution, 1900-1927(3rd edn) The Fall of Soviet Communism, 1985-1991 The Outbreak of the First World War The Holy Roman Empire, 1495-1806 Nationalism in Europe, 1890-1940 Studies In European History Series Standing Order ISBN 0-333-79365-X (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England THE RENAISSANCE Second Edition PETER BURKE Professur of Cultural History University of Cambridge Published in Great Britain by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-333-66927-3 ISBN 978-1-349-25495-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-25495-8 Published in the United States of America by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-17230-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Burke, Peter. The Renaissance I Peter Burke.- 2nd ed. p. em.- (Studies in European history) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-17230-5 (pbk.) I. Renaissance. I. Title. II. Series: Studies in European history (New York, N.Y.) CB36I.B8 1997 940.2'1----dc20 96-43456 CIP © Peter Burke 1987, 1997 First edition 1987 Reprinted 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993,1994, 1995 Second edition 1997 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Totten ham Court Road, London WI P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserte