The Dead Sea Scrolls At Qumran And The Concept Of A Library

The Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran and the Concept of a Library Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah Edited by George J. Brooke Associate Editors Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar Jonathan Ben-Dov Alison Schofield VOLUME 116 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/stdj The Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran and the Concept of a Library Edited by Sidnie White Crawford Cecilia Wassen LEIDEN | BOSTON This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 0169-9962 isbn 978-90-04-30182-5 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-30506-9 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Introduction 1 Part 1 General Studies The Library of Qumran in Recent Scholarship 7 Devorah Dimant On Being a ‘Librarian’: Labels, Categories, and Classifications 15 Årstein Justnes Part 2 The Greco-Roman Context Greek and Roman Libraries in the Hellenistic Age 33 Monica Berti The Qumran “Library” and Other Ancient Libraries: Elements for a Comparison 55 Corrado Martone Is Qumran a Library? 78 Ian Werrett Part 3 The Collection as a Whole and the Question of a Library The Qumran Collection as a Scribal Library 109 Sidnie White Crawford The Linguistic Diversity of the Texts Found at Qumran 132 Stephen Reed vi contents Plates The Ancient ‘Library’ of Qumran between Urban and Rural Culture 155 Mladen Popović The Ancient “Library” or “Libraries” of Qumran: The Specter of Cave 1Q 168 Stephen Pfann Part 4 Collections within the Collection: Specific Evidence for a Library? Calendars in the Qumran Collection 217 Helen R. Jacobus The Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls: Coherence and Context in the Library of Qumran 244 Daniel A. Machiela Part 5 Implications for the Identification of the Qumran Collection as a Library The Qumran Library in Context: The Canonical History and Textual Standardization of the Hebrew Bible in Light of the Qumran Library 261 Armin Lange Bibliography 281 Index of Modern Authors  322 Index of Biblical Literature 328 Index of Texts from the Judean Desert 330 Index of Other Ancient Sources 335 Introduction In the early years following the discovery the manuscripts in the eleven caves in the vicinity of Khirbet Qumran many