Revolutionaries Of India In Soviet Russia: Mainsprings Of The Communist Movement In The East

M.A.Persits Revolutionaries #o f India in Soviet Russia Mainsprings o f the Communist Movement in the East Edited by Professor R. A. Ulyanovsky RBI Progress Publishers Moscow Translated from the Russian by Lev Bobrov Designed by Vladimir Shorts M. A. IlepcHif PEBOJTIOUHOHEPbl HHRHH B CTPAHE COBETOB Ha anemilcKoM nsbttte © H3AaTejibc.TB0 «HayKa», 1973 English translation of the revised Russian text I ) Progress Publishers 1983 Printed in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 0504040000-540 014(01)-83 CONTENTS Page P r e f a c e ................................. Introduction........................................................................................ 5 12 C h a p t e r I. The Impact of the Great October Socialist Revo­ lution on the Oppressed East and Indian Revolutionary Emigres in Soviet R u ssia ............................................................. 17 Organised Indian Emigres in Soviet Russia . . . . . 37 Unorganised Indian Emigres................................................66 Social and Political Profile of Indian Revolutionary Emigres 81 C h a p t e r II. The Emergence of the Communist Movement Among the Working People from Foreign Eastern Nations in Soviet Russia. The Role of Lenin and the Comintern in the Marxist Education of Asia’s First Communists . . . 97 Bolsheviks’ Internationalist Work with the Toiling People of Foreign Eastern N a tio n s ................................................ 98 The Beginning of the Communist Movement Among Citi­ zens from Foreign Eastern N a tio n s ................................ 102 Indian Revolutionaries Adopting Marxism-Leninism . . 108 Indian and Other Early Eastern Communists at the Second World Congress of the Communist International . . 124 C h a p t e r III. Ideological and Political Battles Among Indian Revolutionary Emigres in the Soviet Republic. The First In­ dian Communist Group Form ed.............................................171 A Provisional Indian Revolutionary Committee Established 173 l» 3 The First Organised Group of Indian Communists . . . 189 The Military School of Indian Revolutionaries. The Mil­ itary Factor inEasternRevolutions.................................... 226 The Western Group ofIndianNational Revolutionaries in Moscow.........................' ■ ............................................. 258 In Lieu of Conclusion.......................................................................277 Preface I The October Revolution and the East is a subject which, for all the abundance of studies about it, is still far from exhausted. W ith more research findings available and more evidence discovered, it becomes clear that the impact of the October Revolution on Asia has been greater and deeper than it was first believed to have been. This is the conclu­ sion one arrives at when reading a book that brings out some hitherto unknown aspects of the influence the Great October Socialist Revolution had on the struggle of im­ perialist-oppressed peoples. This book provides an insight into the emigration move­ ment of Indian anti-imperialists, fighters for their coun­ try ’s freedom and independence, into Soviet Russia. That movement, full of dramatic revolutionary struggle, good faith and enthusiasm, could not be stopped by the Hima­ layas or by the Hindu Kush, or by the all-seeing and allknowing Intelligence Service, or by the ruthless British colonial administration in India. Czarist Russia welcomed only merchants and money­ lenders from India into her Central Asian provinces. Her authorities had no sympathy for Indian national revolu­ tionaries. After the October Revolution, the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic became a haven for Indian revolutiona­ ries who turned to it for help in fig