Handbook Of Petroleum Product Analysis

Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis 2nd Edition JAMES G. SPEIGHT, PhD, DSc CD & W Inc., Laramie, WY, USA Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Speight, James G.   Handbook of petroleum product analysis / James G. Speight, PhD, DSc. – 2nd edition.   pages cm   Includes index.   ISBN 978-1-118-36926-5 (cloth) 1.  Petroleum products–Analysis.  I.  Title.   TP691.S689 2015  665.5′38–dc23 2014020571 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTs Preface xv 1  Petroleum and Petroleum Products 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Perspectives 2 1.2.1  Historical Perspectives  2 1.2.2  Modern Perspectives  3 1.3 Definitions 4 1.3.1  Petroleum 4 1.3.1.1 Correlation Index 6 1.3.1.2 Characterization Factor 7 1.3.1.3  Character and Behavior  7 1.3.1.4 Bulk Fractions 8 1.3.2  Natural Gas  8 1.3.3  Natural Gas Liquids and Natural Gasoline  10 1.3.4  Opportunity Crudes  10 1.3.5  High-Acid Crudes  10 1.3.6  Foamy Oil  11 1.3.7  Oil from Shale  11 1.3.8  Heavy Oil  12 1.3.9  Extra Heavy Oil  13 1.3.10  Tar Sand Bitumen  13 1.4 Petroleum Refining 14 1.4.1  Visbreaking 14 1.4.2  Coking 15 1.4.3  Hydr