Machinability Of Powder Metallurgy Steels

MACHINABILITY OF POWDER METALLURGY STEELS MACHINABILITY OF POWDER METALLURGY STEELS A. Šalak, M. Selecká and H. Danninger CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE PUBLISHING Published by Cambridge International Science Publishing 7 Meadow Walk, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AZ, UK http://www.cisp-publishing.com First published 2005 © A. Šalak, M. Selecká and H. Danninger Conditions of sale All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 1-898326-82-7 Printed in the UK at the University Press, Cambridge Acknowledgements The authors wish to express their gratitude to all persons and institutions that have contributed to this book in some or other way. Our first thanks go to our families for their patience and understanding; there were many evenings and weekends we were not available to them. Secondly, we want to thank the staff members of our respective institutes, i.e. the Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia, and the Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria. From both institutes came numerous contributions to this book such as micrographs, photographs, chemical analyses, data, process description and sample preparation. We thank also the colleagues from other universities and institutes who have helped us through information and advice; their names are listed in the references. The authors are particularly grateful to the companies that have either directly contributed or granted permission to publish illustrations and data. Höganäs AB, Höganäs, Sweden; MIBA Sinter Austria GmbH, Vorchdorf, Austria; Chemetall GmbH, Arnoldstein, Austria; Boehlerit GmbH, Kapfenberg, Austria; Mashad Powder Metallurgy Co., Mashad, Iran, and Metalsint a.s., Dolný Kubín, Slovakia must be specially mentioned. Finally, we want to thank our publisher, Cambridge International Science Publishing, for the excellent cooperation and the high technical quality of the book. Andrej Šalak, Marcela Selecká Košice, Slovakia, December 2004 Herbert Danninger Vienna, Austria, December 2004 v vi Contents 1. Introduction................................................................ 1 2. Powder Metallurgy Processes and Materials ....... 5 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 METAL POWDER PRODUCTION ................................................................ 5 Reduction of iron oxides .................................................................................. 6 Water atomisation of metal powders ............................................................... 9 Water atomisation of prealloyed powders ..................................................... 12 Oil atomisation ..............................................................................