Cosmology


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Cosmology Matthias Bartelmann Institut f¨ur Theoretische Astrophysik Universit¨at Heidelberg Contents 1 The Homogeneous Universe 4 1.1 Geometry and Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.1 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.2 Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1.3 Redshift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1.4 Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.1.5 Remark on Newtonian Dynamics . . . . . . . 9 Parameters, Age and Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.2.1 Forms of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.2.2 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.2.3 Parameter Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.2.4 Age and Expansion of the Universe . . . . . . 15 1.2.5 Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.2.6 Horizons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Thermal Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.3.1 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.3.2 Quantum Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.3.3 Properties of Ideal Quantum Gases . . . . . . . 23 1.3.4 Adiabatic Expansion of Ideal Gases . . . . . . 26 1.3.5 Particle Freeze-Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Recombination and Nucleosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . 29 1.4.1 The Neutrino Background . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1.4.2 Phot
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