Theoretical Chemistry. Periodicities In Chemistry And Biology

Contributors to This Volume Britton Chance Louis J. DeFelice Robert L. D e H a a n Richard J. Field Benno Hess A. Ipaktchi P. Ortoleva G. Oster William C. Troy A. T. Winfree THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY Periodicities in Chemistry and Biology VOLUM Ε 4 EDITED BY HENRY EYRING Department of Chemistry University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah DOUGLAS HENDERSON IBM Research Laboratory Monterey and Cottle Roads San Jose, California ACADEMIC A Subsidiary PRESS of Harcourt New York San Francisco Brace Jovanovich, Publishers London 1978 C O P Y R I G H T © 1 9 7 8 , BY A C A D E M I C P R E S S , I N C . ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. N O PART O F T H I S P U B L I C A T I O N M A Y B E R E P R O D U C E D OR T R A N S M I T T E D IN A N Y F O R M OR BY A N Y M E A N S , E L E C T R O N I C OR M E C H A N I C A L , I N C L U D I N G P H O T O C O P Y , RECORDING, OR A N Y I N F O R M A T I O N STORAGE A N D RETRIEVAL S Y S T E M , W I T H O U T PERMISSION IN WRITING F R O M THE PUBLISHER. A C A D E M I C PRESS, INC. I l l Fifth A v e n u e , N e w York, N e w York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by A C A D E M I C PRESS, INC. (LONDON) 2 4 / 2 8 Oval R o a d , L o n d o n N W 1 7 D X LTD. LIBRARY O F C O N G R E S S C A T A L O G C A R D N U M B E R : ISBN 0-12-681904-1 P R I N T E D IN T H E U N I T E D STATES O F AMERICA 75-21963 List of Contributors N u m b e r s in parentheses indicate the pages on which the a u t h o r s ' contributions begin. Britton Chance (159), Johnson Research Foundation, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Louis J. DeFelice (181), Department of Anatomy, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Robert L. D e H a a n (181), Department of Anatomy, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Richard J. Field (53), Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana Benno Hess (159), Max Planck Institut für Ernahrungsphysiologie, Dortmund, Federal Republic of Germany A. Ipaktchi (111), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California P. Ortoleva (235), Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana G. Oster (111), Division of Entomology and Parasitology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, California William C. Troy (133), Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania A. T. Winfree (1), Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana IX Preface In a sense, theoretical chemistry has existed as long as scientists have tried to understand chemical phenomena. However, it has been only recently that theoretical chemistry has grown into a mature field. Three developments, all relatively recent, have spurred this growth. First, at the end of the nineteenth century the foundations of statistical mechanics were laid. As a result, the bulk properties of chemical systems could be calculated from their microscopic dynamics. Second, during the first third of the twentieth century, q u a n t u m mechanics was developed,giving a satisfactory theory for the microscopic dynamics of chemical systems. Finally, in the past two decades, fast electronic computers have made accessible the full richness of q u a n t u m and statistical mechanics for the theoretical description of complex chemical systems. Despite the maturity of theoretical chemistry, there are very few journals or review series devoted to all aspects of this field. It is hoped that this serial publication will fill, in part at least, this gap. Articles concerning all aspects of theoretical chemistry will be published in these volumes. Article