Engineering Fundamentals

Engineering Fundamentals This Page Intentionally Left Blank Engineering Fundamentals Roger Timings OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Newnes An imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 First published 2002 Copyright © 2002, Roger Timings. All rights reserved The right of Roger Timings to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7506 5609 3 For information on all Newnes publications visit our website at www.newnespress.com Typeset by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India. Printed and bound in Great Britain Contents Preface Acknowledgements xi xii 1 General health and safety (engineering) 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 Health, safety and the law Employers’ responsibilities Employees’ responsibilities Electrical hazards Fire fighting Fire precautions and prevention Accidents First aid Personal protection Hazards in the workplace Manual lifting Mechanical lifting equipment Use of lifting equipment Accessories for lifting gear Useful knots for fibre ropes Transporting loads (trucks) Inspection (lifting equipment) Exercises 1 3 5 6 7 10 11 14 16 20 25 27 27 28 31 32 33 34 2 Establishing effective working relationships 2.1 2.2 Basic relationships Relationships with managers, supervisors and instructors Attitude and behaviour Implementing company policy Creating and maintaining effective working relationships with other people Exercises 38 2.3 2.4 2.5 3 Handling engineering infor- 3.1 mation 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Selection of information sources Interpretation of information (graphical) Interpretation of information (tables, charts and schedules) Evaluating engineering information Recording and processing engineering information Methods of record keeping Communications (miscellaneous) Exercises 40 42 43 46 47 50 51 54 57 58 59 60 63 vi Contents 4 Engineering materials and heat treatment 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 States of matter Properties of materials Classification of materials Ferrous metals (plain carbon steels) Ferrous metals (al