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DEVELOPMENTS IN PETROLEUM SCIENCE Advisory Editor: G.V. Chilingarian 1 A.G. COLLINS GEOCHEMISTRY O F OILFIELD WATERS 2. W.H. F E R T L ABNORMAL FORMATION PRESSURES
3 . A.P. SZILAS PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT O F OIL AND GAS 4. C.E.B. CONYBEARE GEOMORPHOLOGY O F OIL AND GAS FIELDS IN SANDSTONE BODIES 5. T.F. YEN and G.V.CHILINGARIAN (Editors) OIL SHALE 6. D.W. PEACEMAN FUNDAMENTALS O F NUMERICAL RESERVOIR SIMULATION
7. G.V. CHILINGARIAN and T.F. YEN (Editors) BITUMENS, ASPHALTS AND T A R SANDS
8. L.P. DAKE FUNDAMENTALS O F RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 9. K.MAGARA COMPACTION AND FLUID MIGRATION 10. M.T. SILVIA and E.A. ROBINSON DECONVOLUTION O F GEOPHYSICAL TIME SERIES IN T H E EXPLORATION F O R OIL AND NATURAL GAS
11. G.V. CHILINGARIAN and P. VORABUTR DRILLING AND DRILLING FLUIDS 1 2 . T.D. VAN GOLF-RACHT FUNDAMENTALS O F FRACTURED RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
13. J. FAYERS (Editor) ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 14. G. MOZES (Editor) PARAFFIN PRODUCTS 15A O.SERRA FUNDAMENTALS O F WELL-LOG INTERPRETATION, 1 T H E ACQUISITION O F LOGGING DATA 16. R.E. CHAPMAN PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
1 7 A E.C. DONALDSON, G.V. CHILINGARIAN and T.F. YEN ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY, I Fundamentals and Analyses 1 8 A A.P. SZILAS PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT O F OIL AND GAS 1 9 A G.V. CHILINGARIAN (Editor) SURFACE OPERATIONS IN PETROLEUM SCIENCE, I
Developments in Petroleum Science, 20
cleolosv in metroleurn Droduction u -I-
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a primer in production geology
A.J. DIKKERS Van Soutelandelaan 45, 2597 EW The Hague, The Netherlands
ELSEVIER - Amsterdam - Oxford - New York - Tokyo 1985
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V. 1Molenwerf P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Distributors f o r the United States and Canada: ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING COMPANY INC. 5 2 , Vanderbilt Avenue New York. NY 10017
ISBN 0-444-42450-4 (Vol. 2 0 ) ISBN 0-444.41625-0 (Series)
0 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.. 1 9 8 5
All rights reserved. N o part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V./Science & Technology Division, P.O. Box 330, 1 0 0 0 AH Amsterdam. The Netherlands. Special regulations for readers in the USA - This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC a b o u t conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside of the USA, should be referred t o the publisher. Printed in The Netherlands
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To Nans, who kept me going.
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PREFACE
This book, like so many of its kind, grew o u t of course notes; courses in applied oilfield geology, run over many years for varied audiences. At the end of a recent course, in the course review, one of the participants gave as his view: ‘All this is no news, any geologist knows this’. Well, maybe so, but I have frequently, before and since, met geologists who, although having experience in the oil industry, proved to be unacquainted with at least some of the more common techniques applied in practical oilfield geology. Thus, finally, I came to the decision that i t might be useful to put together - in what I hoped would be a convenient manner - those elementary but effective methods with which I was familiar during some thirty years of operational work. I wish to emphasize that the resulting book is indeed intended as n o more than a primer, as a basic introduction for the use of geologists, geophysicists, petroleum engineers and, p