Differing Worldviews In Higher Education: Two Scholars Argue Cooperatively About Justice Education

Differing Worldviews in Higher Education Differing Worldviews in Higher Education Two Scholars Argue Cooperatively About Justice Education Four Arrows Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, USA Walter Block Loyola University, New Orleans, USA SENSE PUBLISHERS ROTTERDAM/BOSTON/TAIPEI A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 978-94-6091-350-1 (paperback) ISBN: 978-94-6091-351-8 (hardback) ISBN: 978-94-6091-352-5 (e-book) Published by: Sense Publishers, P.O. Box 21858, 3001 AW Rotterdam, The Netherlands https://www.sensepublishers.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2011 Sense Publishers No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. DEDICATION Four Arrows thanks Chief Seattle for warning us that we would eventually learn that we cannot eat money. Walter Block thanks Adam Smith for his invisible hand, Friedrich Hayek for his spontaneous order and Murray Rothbard for blazing the path to Austro-libertarian anarcho capitalism. Both authors of this book would like to thank Walter Block’s Loyola University research assistants Maria Missura, Andrew Naquin and especially Michael O’Brien for help with references, proper headers, footers and pagination and other such copy editing matters. v TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction: An Intellectual Adventure.............................................................. 1 2. Academic Freedom.............................................................................................. 9 3. Ecological Justice .............................................................................................. 37 4. Wealth Distribution ......................................................................................... 113 5. A Case Study: Protesting Arizona’s Anti-hispanic Legislation....................... 173 6. Conclusion: Disagreement, Non-violence and Friendship .............................. 213 References............................................................................................................ 217 About the Authors ................................................................................................ 235 vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION An Intellectual Adventure WHAT ARE THE GOALS FOR THIS BOOK? We two authors, one an American Indian with an Indigenous worldview and a liberal inclination (Four Arrows), the other a Jewish atheist with a Western worldview and a libertarian orientation (Walter E. Block), employ “cooperative argumentation” to accomplish what an amazon.com reviewer said about a book on this topic (Makau and Marty, 2001): “Cooperative Argumentation gets us past the fighting in debate, and moves us toward the real power that can be found in understanding someone else’s argument.” In our book, this “power in understanding” refers specifically to one of the most controversial issues in higher education- the teaching of social justice. The specific problem we address relates to teaching for the sake of justice in the world. It is the stalemate that has essentially stifled authentic social justice education. The stalemate is a result of polemics on one side or the other that do not contribute sufficiently to real understanding. Both authors agree, although we acknowledge exceptions that will be noted later, that Silver’s (2007, pp. 535–550) central argument is largely valid. He points to the lack of historical