Festkörperprobleme 16: Plenary Lectures Of The Divisions “semiconductor Physics” “metal Physics” “low Temperature Physics” “thermodynamics And Statistical Physics” Of The German Physical Society Freudenstadt, April 5–9, 1976

FESTKORPERPROBLEME XVI ADVANCES IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS FESTKORPER PROBIEMEXVI ADVAHCESIH soHg STATE PHYSICS Plenary Lectures of the Divisions "Semiconductor Physics" "Metal Physics" "Low Temperature Physics" "Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics'" of the German Physical Society Freudenstadt, April 5-9, 1976 Edited by J. Treusch, Dortmund With 187 figures Vieweg 1976 All rights reserved 9 Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig, 1976 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder. Set by Vieweg, Braunschweig Printed by E. Hunold, Braunschweig Bookbinder: W. Langeliiddecke, Brauns~l~IgCover design: Barbara Seebohm, BraunsL~w~.t~ Printed in Germany-West ISBN 3 528 0 8 0 2 2 1 Dedicated to the memory o f Walter Schottky 1886-1976 Foreword This volume of "Festk6rperprobleme/Advances in Solid State Physics" is dedicated to the memory of Walter Schottky, the first editor of this series, who died a few weeks before the 1976 Freudenstadt meeting of the German Physical Society. Acknowledging his pioneering work in Semiconductor Physics the selection o f invited papers presented in this volume once more favors work on semiconductors. As may be easily recognized, scientific and technological interest is mainly directed towards material engineering and applications. "New" materials, such as one- and two dimensional crystals, I I I - V I I semiconductors, mixed valence compounds, certain glasses and polymers are investigated as to their basic electronic, thermal and magnetic properties, whereas, in the case of the well known semiconductors, such as Silicon, structural and compositional control is of main importance. In two symposia on "Solid State Device Technology" and on "Microdefects and Microinhomogeneities in Silicon", discussions were focussed on the latter point, simultaneously yielding an opportunity of closer contacts between academic and industrial research. Solar cells were covered by two invited talks, the one of B6er being a public lecture in the evening. Though there is necessarily some redundance, it seemed worthwhile to publish both of them, so offering a sort of balance between the academic, the technological and also the economical point of view. The first paper is the prize-lecture given by Franz Wegner, the fourth recipient of the Walter Schottky prize, which he won for his outstanding contributions to the theory of phase transitions. My compliments and thanks to the publisher and the authors whose cooperation made it possible to meet the high standards set by my predecessors, Otfried Maclelung and Hans-Joachim Queisser: this volume is published only ten weeks after the meeting. I hope the critical reader will decide, that also selection and contents of this volume meet the standards set in the years before. Joachim Treusch Dortmund, June 1976 Contents Franz J. Wegner Phase Transitions and Critical Behaviour lr Richter and R o land Zeyher Resonant Raman Scattering in Semiconductors 15 Philippe Schrnid Phonons in Layer Structures 47 Hans-Peter Geserich and Lothar Pintschovius Polymeric Sulfur Nitride, (SN)x - A New Type of One-Dimensional Metal? 65 Gernot Giintherodt Configurations of 4f Electrons in Rare Earth Compounds 95 Koichi Kobayashi Optical and Electronic Properties of m - V I I Compounds - Thallous Halides 117 Alfred Seeger Atomic Defects in Metals and Semiconductors 149 A. J. Rudolf de Kock Characterization and Elimination of Defects in Silicon 179 Heinz Beneking Material Engineering in Optoelectronics 195 Thomas Ricker