Quantum Mechanics Of Molecular Structures

Quantum Mechanics of Molecular Structures Kaoru Yamanouchi Quantum Mechanics of Molecular Structures Kaoru Yamanouchi Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan Original Japanese edition Koza, Gendai Kagaku he no Nyumon (4) Bunshi Kozo no Kettei published by Iwanami Shoten, Publishers, Tokyo, 2001 ISBN 978-3-642-32380-5 ISBN 978-3-642-32381-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-32381-2 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012952030 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface The world we live in is filled with molecules. Starting with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere, water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia are all molecules. Furthermore, plants and animals are all composed of molecules. In the field of chemistry, which is regarded as science for molecules, it has been one of the most important and long-lasting fundamental issues to know the geometrical structure of a variety of molecular species around us. Roughly speaking, there are two major methods to investigate the geometrical structure of molecules in the gas phase. One is molecular spectroscopy and the other is gas electron diffraction. In molecular spectroscopy, molecules are irradiated with light or electric waves, and a diagram called a spectrum is measured. In the diagram, rich information regarding the dynamics of electrons within a molecule, the vibrational motion of nuclei within a molecule, and the overall rotational motion of a molecule are encoded. Specifically, from the spectrum related with the rotational motion of molecules, we ca