Understanding Solids: The Science Of Materials

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E-Book Information

• Year: 2,013

• Edition: 2nd

• City: New York

• Pages: 1,166

• Pages In File: 585

• Language: English

• Topic: 286

• Identifier: 9781118423448,1118423445

• Org File Size: 71,970,039

• Extension: pdf

• Tags: Физика Физика твердого тела

• Toc: Understanding Solids: The Science of Materials......Page 1 Contents......Page 9 Preface to the Second Edition......Page 19 Preface to the First Edition......Page 21 Part 1: Structures and microstructures......Page 23 1.1.1 The quantum mechanical description......Page 25 1.1.2 The energy of the electron......Page 26 1.1.4 Orbital shapes......Page 27 1.2.2 Electron spin and electron configuration......Page 29 1.2.3 The periodic table......Page 31 1.3.2 Terms and term symbols......Page 33 1.3.3 Levels......Page 35 1.3.4 Electronic energy level calculations......Page 36 Further reading......Page 37 Problems and exercises......Page 38 2.1.1 Ions......Page 41 2.1.2 Ionic size and shape......Page 42 2.1.3 Lattice energies......Page 43 2.1.4 Atomistic simulation......Page 45 2.2.1 Valence bond theory......Page 46 2.2.2 Molecular orbital theory......Page 52 2.3 Metallic bonding and energy bands......Page 57 2.3.1 Molecular orbitals and energy bands......Page 58 2.3.2 The free electron gas......Page 59 2.3.3 Energy bands......Page 62 2.3.4 Properties of metals......Page 63 2.3.5 Bands in ionic and covalent solids......Page 65 2.3.6 Computation of properties......Page 66 Further reading......Page 67 Problems and exercises......Page 68 3.1 Weak chemical bonds......Page 71 3.2.2 Crystalline solids......Page 74 3.2.3 Quasicrystals......Page 75 3.2.4 Non-crystalline solids......Page 76 3.2.6 Nanoparticles and nanostructures......Page 77 3.3 The development of microstructures......Page 79 3.3.2 Processing......Page 80 3.4.1 Point defects in crystals of elements......Page 82 3.4.2 Solid solutions......Page 83 3.4.3 Schottky defects......Page 84 3.4.4 Frenkel defects......Page 85 3.4.5 Non-stoichiometric compounds......Page 86 3.4.6 Point defect notation......Page 88 3.5.1 Edge dislocations......Page 90 3.5.4 Planar defects......Page 91 3.5.5 Volume defects: precipitates......Page 92 Problems and exercises......Page 95 4.1.1 One-component (unary) systems......Page 99 4.1.2 The phase rule for one-component (unary) systems......Page 101 4.2.1 Two-component (binary) systems......Page 102 4.2.3 Simple binary diagrams: nickel–copper as an example......Page 103 4.2.4 Binary systems containing a eutectic point: tin–lead as an example......Page 105 4.2.5 Intermediate phases and melting......Page 109 4.3.1 The iron–carbon phase diagram......Page 110 4.3.3 Invariant points......Page 111 4.4 Ternary systems.