Synthetic Polymers For Biotechnology And Medicine

BIOTECHNOLOGY INTELLIGENCE UNIT 4 Synthetic Polymers for Biotechnology and Medicine Ruth Freitag, Ph.D. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Switzerland LANDES BIOSCIENCE GEORGETOWN, TEXAS U.S.A. EUREKAH.COM AUSTIN, TEXAS U.S.A. SYNTHETIC POLYMERS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE Biotechnology Intelligence Unit 4 Eurekah.com Landes Bioscience Designed by Jesse Kelly-Landes Copyright ©2003 Eurekah.com All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the U.S.A. Please address all inquiries to the Publishers: Eurekah.com / Landes Bioscience 810 South Church Street, Georgetown, Texas, U.S.A. 78626 Phone: 512/ 863 7762; FAX: 512/ 863 0081 www.eurekah.com www.landesbioscience.com ISBN: 1-58706-027-2 (hard cover version) ISBN: 1-58706-081-7 (soft cover version) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Synthetic polymers for biotechnology and medicine / [edited by] Ruth Freitag. p. ; cm. -- (Biotechnology intelligence unit) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58706-027-2 (alk. paper) 1. Polymers in medicine. I. Freitag, Ruth, 1961 - II.Series. [DNLM: 1. Polymers. 2. Biomedical Engineering. 3. Biotechnology. 4. Equipment Design. QT 37.5P7 S993 2001] R857.P6 S975 2001 610W´.28--dc21 00-063629 CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................. vii 1. Cell Encapsulation: Generalities, Methods, Applications and Bioartificial Pancreas Case Study ..................................................... 1 Gabriela Grigorescu and David Hunkeler Introduction .......................................................................................... 1 Immunoisolation ................................................................................... 4 Cell Delivery ......................................................................................... 5 Microencapsulation ............................................................................... 7 Bioartificial Organs ............................................................................... 7 Case Study: Insulin Production Systems .............................................. 10 Socio-Political Considerations ............................................................. 13 Conclusions ......................................................................................... 14 2. Synthetic and Semisynthetic Polymers as Vehicles for In Vitro Gene Delivery into Cultured Mammalian Cells ................ 19 Martin Jordan Introduction: Impact of Molecular Biology ......................................... 19 Areas in Need of Efficient Gene Delivery ............................................ 20 The DNA Molecule ............................................................................ 21 Barriers to Efficient Gene Transfer ...................................................... 21 Conclusions ......................................................................................... 35 Definitions .......................................................................................... 36 Structures of Frequently Used Molecules ............................................. 37 3. Affinity Precipitation: Stimulus-Responsive Polymers for Bioseparation .................................................................................. 40 Ruth Freitag Introduction ........................................................................................ 40 The Role of Affinity Separations in Product Isolation .......................... 41 The Principle and Application of Affinity Precipitation ....................... 43 Smart Polymers for Affinity