Thermodynamics And Statistical Mechanics

Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics G. SOCRATES, M.Sc., Ph.D., M.lnst.P. BruneI University, London LONDON BUTTERWORTHS THE BUTTERWORTH GROUP Butterworth & Co (Publishers) Ltd London: 88 Kingsway WC2B 6AB ENGLAND Butterworth & Co (Australia) Ltd Sydney: Pacific Highway Chats wood, NSW 2067 Melbourne: 343 Little Collins Street, 3000 Bris bane: 240 Queen Street, 4000 AUSTRALIA Butterworth & Co (Canada) Ltd Toronto: 14 Curity Avenue, 374 CANADA Butterworth & Co (New Zealand) Ltd Wellington: 26-28 Waring Taylor Street, 1 Auckland: 35 High Street, 1 NEW ZEALAND Butterworth & Co (South Africa) (P�y) Ltd Durban: 1 52-1 54 Gale Street SOUTH AFRICA First published 1971 © Butterworth & Co (Publishers) Ltd, 1971 ISBN 0 408 70179 X Standard 0 408 70193 5 Limp Filmset by Photoprint Plates Ltd, Rayleigh, Essex Printed by photo-lithography and made in Great Britain at the Pitman Press, Bath Preface The object of this text is to provide the reader with a comprehensive introduction to the basic concepts of thermodynamics and statistical. mechanics. It is intended for science and engineering under­ gradu ates. The emphasis throughout is on simplicity and clarity, the order of presentation and the explanations given being those which have been found most successful with students and acceptable to them. It is often found that ideas are presented to students which are not wholly true. This may either be in order to gloss over certain diffi­ culties or possibly from a lack of understanding. Despite the sim­ plicity of approach of the present text, the truth has not been overlooked. SI units have be�n used, and for the convenience