The use of biocatalysts, employed either as isolated enzymes or whole microbial cells, offers a remarkable arsenal of highly selective transformations for state-of-the-art synthetic organic chemistry. Over the last two decades, this methodology has become an indispensable tool for asymmetric synthesis, not only at the academic level, but also on an industrial scale.
This well-established textbook on biocatalysis provides a basis for undergraduate and graduate courses in modern organic chemistry, as well as a condensed introduction into this field. After a basic introduction into the use of biocatalysts—principles of stereoselective transformations, enzyme properties and kinetics—the different types of reactions are explained according to the 'reaction principle', such as hydrolysis, reduction, oxidation, C–C bond formation, etc. Special techniques, such as the use of enzymes in organic solvents, immobilization techniques and modified or artificial enzymes, are treated in a separate section. A final chapter deals with thebasic rules for the safe and practical handling of biocatalysts.
In this completely revised 6th edition, emphasis has been given to an improved didactic style including colored graphics in order to facilitate a deeper understanding of the underlying principles. New developments, such as transamination, enzyme promiscuity and applications on industrial scale within the field of 'white biotechnology' are included.
Biotransformations in Organic Chemistry
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Kurt Faber
Biotransformations in Organic Chemistry A Textbook Sixth revised and corrected edition
Prof. Dr. Kurt Faber Department of Chemistry Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry University of Graz Heinrichstr. 28 A-8010 Graz, Austria
[email protected] http://Biocatalysis.Uni-Graz.at
ISBN 978-3-642-17392-9 e-ISBN 978-3-642-17393-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-17393-6 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011924533 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011, 2004, 2000, 1997, 1995, 1992 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: KuenkelLopka GmbH Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The use of natural catalysts – enzymes – for the transformation of nonnatural manmade organic compounds is not at all new: they have been used for more than 100 years, employed either as whole cells, cell organelles or isolated enzymes [1]. Certainly, the object of most of the early research was totally different from that of the present day. Thus the elucidation of biochemical pathways and enzyme mechanisms was the main reason for research several decades ago. It was mainly in the steep rise of asymmetric synthesis during the 1980s, that the enormous potential of applying natural catalysts to transform nonnatural organic compounds was recognized. What s