E-Book Overview
BASIC STATISTICS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES demystifies and fully explains statistics without leaving out relevant topics or simply presenting formulas, in a format that is non-threatening and inviting to students. The author's clear, patiently crafted explanations, with an occasional touch of humor, teach students not only how to compute an answer, but also why they should perform the procedure or what their answer reveals about the data. The book achieves several objectives: it presents a conceptual-intuitive approach, presents statistics within an understandable research context, deals directly and positively with student weaknesses in mathematics, and introduces new terms and concepts in an integrated way. The result is a text that students can learn from as well as enjoy.
E-Book Content
Selecting a Descriptive Statistical Procedure Type of Data
Individual Scores
Central Tendency
Variability
Correlation Coefficient
Nominal
frequency, rel. frequency, or percent (Chapter 3)
Mode (Chapter 4)
Range (Chapter 5)
or C (Chapter 15)
Ordinal
frequency, rel. frequency, or percent (Chapter 3)
Median (Chapter 4)
Range (Chapter 5)
Spearman rS (Chapter 7)
Interval or ratio (skewed distribution)
frequency, rel. frequency, or percent (Chapter 3)
Median (Chapter 4)
Range (Chapter 5)
Convert to ranks, compute Spearman rS (Chapter 7)
Interval or ratio (normally distributed)
frequency, rel. frequency, percent, or z-score (Chapters 3 and 6)
Mean (Chapter 4)
Standard deviation or variance (Chapter 5)
Pearson r (Chapter 7) and regression (Chapter 8)
Selecting an Inferential Statistical Procedure Type of Design
Parametric Test
Nonparametric Test
One sample (when σX is known) One sample (when σX is not known)
z-test (Chapter 10) One-sample t-test (Chapter 11)
none
Two independent samples
Independent samples t-test (Chapter 12)
Mann–Whitney U, rank sums test, or one-way chi square (Chapter 15)
Two related samples
Related samples t-test (Chapter 12)
Wilcoxon T test (Chapter 15)
Three or more independent samples (one factor)
Between-subjects ANOVA Post Hoc test: HSD or protected t-test (Chapter 13)
Kruskal–Wallis H or one-way chi square Post Hoc test: rank sums test (Chapter 15)
Three or more related samples (one factor)
Within-subjects ANOVA Post Hoc test: HSD or protected t-test (Appendix A)
Friedman 2 Post Hoc test: Nemenyi’s test (Chapter 15)
Two factors (independent samples)
Two-way, between-subjects ANOVA (Chapter 14)
Two-way chi square (Chapter 15)
none
SIX SIXTH TH EDITION EDITION
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
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SIX SIXTH TH EDITION EDITION
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
Gary W. Heiman Buffalo State College
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Sixth Edition Gary W. Heiman Executive Editor: Jon-David Hague Assistant Editor: Rebecca Rosenberg Editorial Assistant: Alicia McLaughlin Media Editor: Mary Noel Marketing Manager: Kim Russell Marketing Assistant: Anna Andersen Marketing Communications Manager: Talia Wise Content Project Manager: Charlene M. Carpentier
© 2011, 2006 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including bu