Microwave Radiometry Of Vegetation Canopies (advances In Global Change Research)

MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY OF VEGETATION CANOPIES ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH VOLUME 24 Editor-in-Chief Martin Beniston, Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Switzerland Editorial Advisory Board B. Allen-Diaz, Department ESPM-Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A. R.S. Bradley, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, U.S.A. W. Cramer, Department of Global Change and Natural Systems, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany. H.F. Diaz, Climate Diagnostics Center, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, NOAA, Boulder, CO, U.S.A. S. Erkman, Institute for Communication and Analysis of Science and Technology – ICAST, Geneva, Switzerland. R. García Herrera, Facultad de Físicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain M. Lal, Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India. U. Luterbacher, The Graduate Institute of International Studies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. I. Noble, CRC for Greenhouse Accounting and Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. L. Tessier, Institut Mediterranéen d’Ecologie et Paléoécologie, Marseille, France. F. Toth, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria. M.M. Verstraete, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy. The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY OF VEGETATION CANOPIES by Alexander A. Chukhlantsev Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13 1-4020-4681-2 (HB) 978-1-4020-4681-0 (HB) 1-4020-4682-0 (e-book) 978-1-4020-4682-7 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands. TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ......................................................................................... ix Preface ............................................................................................. xi Chapter 1. BASICS OF MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY ............. 1 1.1. Theory of Thermal Radiation ............................................. 1 1.2. Microwave Radiometers and Systems ................................ 12 1.3. Radiometric Measurements ................................................ 18 Chapter 2. PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS AND VEGETATION .................................. 21 2.1. Physical and Dielectric Properties of Soils ........................ 21 2.2. Biometrical Features and Electrical Properties of Vegetation ...................