Numerical Techniques For Global Atmospheric Models

Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering Editors: Timothy J. Barth Michael Griebel David E. Keyes Risto M. Nieminen Dirk Roose Tamar Schlick For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/3527 80 • Peter H. Lauritzen  Christiane Jablonowski Mark A. Taylor  Ramachandran D. Nair Editors Numerical Techniques for Global Atmospheric Models 123 Editors Peter H. Lauritzen Climate and Global Dynamics Division National Center for Atmospheric Research 1850 Table Mesa Drive Boulder, CO 80305 USA [email protected] Mark A. Taylor Sandia National Laboratories, MS 0370 Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA [email protected] Christiane Jablonowski University of Michigan Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences 2455 Hayward St. Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA [email protected] Ramachandran D. Nair Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geosciences National Center for Atmospheric Research 1850 Table Mesa Drive Boulder, CO 80305 USA [email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-11639-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-11640-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-11640-7 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011925388 Mathematical Subject Classification (2010): 76, 76-06, 76U05, 76R50, 76M10, 76M12, 76M20, 76M22, 76M25, 35, 35L65, 35R05, 35Q30 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011  This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin. Background visualization courtesy of Jamison Daniel at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword This book appears at a time of rapid change in the field of global atmospheric modeling. The field is being transformed, and the authors of this volume are driving many of those rapid changes. A