Schlumberger Log Interpretation Principles And Applications

Interpretation Principlesi!Appligtions 1989 - Schluvberger Log Interpretation Principles/Applications Seventh printing. March 1998 0 Scblumberger 1991 Schlumberger Wireline &Testing 225 Schlumberger Drive Sugar Land, Texas 77478 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recordiig, without prior written permission of the publisher. SMYP-7017 An asterisk (*) is used throughout this document to denote a mark of Scblumberger. * I,/ - ‘, : Schlumberger Log Interpretation Principles/Appli~ons Contents 1 Introduction..................................... History .._.._..__.__.._..__.._..__._.. The Field Operation Log Data Acquisition Data Processing _.__..__........__.._.._..__.._.....__. Data Transmission __..__.__..__.__.._..__.__....,._.._. References __.__.._..._.._..__.._....~._.,_.,...__.,.. 2 Fundamentals of Quantitative Log Interpretation ................. . ...... Porosity .............................................. Saturation ............................................ Permeability .......................................... Reservoir Geometry .................................... Temperature and Pressure. .............................. Log Interpretation ..................................... The Invasion Process. .................................. Resistivity ............................................ Formation Factor and Porosity ........................... Water Saturation ...................................... Resistivity Logging ................................. Water Resistivities ................................. Porosity .......................................... Shaly Formations .................................. References ........................................... 3 l-l ...................... ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. 1-l l-3 l-5 l-5 l-6 l-7 .2-l t................... ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-l 2-l 2-8 2-9 Spontaneous Potential and Natural Gamma Ray Logs ........................ TheSP Curve .......................................................... Originof SP ........................................................ Electrochemical Component of the SF ................................... Electrokinetic Component of the SP ..................................... SP Versus Permeability and Porosity .................................... static SP ........................................................... Determination of SSP ............................................. ShapeoftbeSP Curve ................................................ Highly Resistive Formations ........................................... Shale Baseline Shifts ................................................. .3-l 3-l 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-5 3-5 Contents SP Anomalies Related to Invasion Conditions ............................. SP Anomalies-Noise. ................................................ TheGRLog ............................................................ Properties of Gamma Rays ............................................ Equipment .......................................................... Calibration. ......................................................... Borehole Correction Curves .................................