Essentials Of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgery

Essentials of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgery Amulya K. Saxena · Michael E. Höllwarth (Eds.) Essentials of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgery With 701 Figures 123 Amulya K. Saxena, MD Associate Professor Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery Medical University of Graz Auenbruggerplatz 34 A-8036 Graz Austria Michael E. Höllwarth, MD Professor and Chair Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery Medical University of Graz Auenbruggerplatz 34 A-8036 Graz Austria ISBN 978-3-540-78386-2 e-ISBN 978-3-540-78387-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-78387-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008924191 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, wether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in it current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: the publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover illustration: Frido Steinen-Broo, eStudio Calamar, Spain Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com   Preface General pediatric surgery has undergone a revolutionary change in the last decade, with the widespread acceptance and adoption of endoscopic surgery in the neonatal, pediatric and adolescent age groups. The establishment of pediatric endoscopic surgery was due to the combined efforts of dedicated pediatric surgeons who devoted precious time in implementing, evaluating, innovating and adapting procedures for the pediatric age group, manufactures who invested into research and development of pediatric instruments and equipments despite being aware of the relatively small market share in pediatric surgery and the establishment of an international forum to exchange and compare experiences as well as support advances and promote research. Pediatric endoscopic surgery requires the knowledge of and familiarity of existing equipment with the ability to constantly adapt to ongoing innovations. The perception of the three-dimensional operation field in two-dimension requires good handeye coordination and hours of practice to familiarize with the basic procedures while acquiring skills for advanced procedures. The spectrum of patients treated using pediatric endoscopic surgical procedures ranges from premature infants to adolescents, which adds another dimension to the technical complexity in terms of extreme variations in size encountered by pediatric surgeons. Techniques in endoscopic surgery might be new initially