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Volume 2 of 2. This work claims the consideration of the historian of the culture of Asia, of the Sanskrit philologist and of the general philosopher. It is the last of a series of three works destined to elucidate what is perhaps the most powerful movement of ideas in the history of Asia, a movement which, originating in the 6th century BC in the valley of Hindustan, gradually extended its sway over almost the whole of the continent of Asia, as well as over the islands of Japan and of the Indian archipelago. These works are thus concerned about the history of the ruling ideas of Asia, Central and Eastern.
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BUDDHIST LOGIC by
F. Th. Stcherbatsky
In Two Volumes - Volume II
Dover Publications, Inc. New York New York
Published in the United Kingdom by Constable and Company Limited, 10 Orange Street, London W.C.2.
This new Dover edition, first published in 1962. is an unabridged and corrected republication of the work first published by the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Leningrad, circa 1930.
Volumes I and II were originally published as Volume XXVI, Parts I and II, of the "Bibliotheca Buddhica" Series.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 62-52862
Manufactured in the United States of America Dover Publications, Inc. 180 Varick Street New York 14, N. Y.
TABLE OF CONTENTS P ••
Preface.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . .
I
A short treatise of Logic (Nyaya-bindu) by DharmakIrti with its commentary (Nyayarbindu-Vka) by Dharmottara translated from the sanscrit text edited in the Bibliotheka
Buddbica. . . . . . . . . . 1-253 I. Perception 1 II. Inference . 47 III. Syllogism. 109 Appendices I. VacaspatimiSra on the Buddhist Theory of Perception . . . . . . • . . • . . . • • • .• 255 II. VacaspatimiSra on the Buddhist Theory of 1\ radicil distinction between sensation and conception (pramfll}.a-vyavastbii: versus prami 7;l&-samplava). • •• 299 III. The theory of mental sensation (ml[nasa-pratyak ~). 309 IV. Vasubandhu, VinItadeva, Vacaspatim.iSra, Udayana, Dign1iga and Jinendrabnddhi on the act and the content of knowledge, on the coordination (sarupya) of percepts with their objects and on our knowledge of tbe external world . . . . . . . . . . . • V. VlicaspatimiSra on Buddhist Nominalism (apoha.viida). • . . . . • . . • . . . • . . • . . VI. Corrections to the texts of the Nyltyabindu, Nyaya·bindu-tJka and Nyaya-bindu-tIkl'1-Tipp3{l.l printed in t he Bibliot.heka Buddhica Indices . . . . 1~··•. ' ' " I. Proper names II. Schools . . . m. Sanscrit works IV. Sanscrit words and expressions
.
.
341 401
433 439 441 443 443 444
PREFAOE More than twenty years have elapsed since we have first treated the subject of Buddhist logic and epistemology as they were taught in the schools of Mahayana Buddhism.. Our nearly unique source at that time was the Nyaya-bindu and tika, this solitary sanscrit remnant -of what has been a vast field of literary production. Since that time our knowledge of the subject bas been considerably enlarged. Important sanscrit texts have been discovered and published in India. The interconnection and mutual influences of Indian systems are better known. The Tibetan literature reveals itself as an almost illimited source of information. Prof. H. Jacobi has contributed a series of articles on the early history of Indian systems. Prof. J. Tucci has recently elucidated the problem of Buddhist logic before Dignaga. Prof. de la Vallee Poussin has brought to a successful end his monumental translation -of the Abhidharma-Kosa. Prof. Sylvani Levi has enriched our knowledge by important discoveries in Nepal. Prof. M. Walleser bas founded in Heidelberg an active society for the study of Mahayana. A great deal of work has been done by India