ADVANCES IN HEAT TRANSFER Volume 13 Contributors to Volume 13 HOLGER MARTIN D. BRIAN SPALDING STEPHEN WHITAKER HORST H. WINTER Advances in HEAT TRANSFER Edited by James P. Hartnett Thomas F. Irvine, Jr. Energy Resources Center University of Illinois at Chicago Circle Chicago, lllinois Department of Mechanics State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook, New York Volume 13 @ 1977 ACADEMIC PRESS New York San Francisco London A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers COPYRIGHT 8 1977, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN A N Y FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avcnut, New Ymk. New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road. London NWl LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER:63-22329 ISBN 0-12-020013-9 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Contents of Previous Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Heat and Mass Transfer between Impinging Gas Jets and Solid Surfaces HOLGER MARTIN Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. Hydrodynamics of Impinging Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . I1. Heat and Mass Transfer: Variables and Boundary Conditions I11. Local Variation of the Transfer Coefficients . . . . . . . . IV . Integral Mean Transfer Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . V . Influence of Outlet Flow Conditions on Transfer Coefficients for Arrays of Nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI . Other Parameters Influencing Heat and Mass Transfer . . . . VII . Optimal Spatial Arrangements of Nozzles . . . . . . . . . VIII . Design of High-Performance Arrays of Nozzles . . . . . . Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 6 8 13 27 41 45 52 58 59 Heat and Mass Transfer in Rivers. Bays. Lakes. and Estuaries D . BRIANSPALDING I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1. Two-Dimensional Parabolic Phenomena . . . . . . . . . . 111. Two-Dimensional Steady Jets and Plumes . . . . . . . . . IV . Two-Dimensional Steady Boundary Layers Adjacent to Phase Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V 62 70 73 79 vi CONTENTS V . One-Dimensional Unsteady Vertical-Distribution Models . . 89 VI . Two-Dimensional Floating Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 VII . Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Simultaneous Heat. Mass. and Momentum Transfer in Porous Media: A Theory of Drying STEPHEN WHITAKER I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II . The Basic Equations of Mass and Energy Transport . . . . . 111. Energy Transport in a Drying Process . . . . . . . . . . . IV . Mass Transport in the Gas Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . V . Convective Transport in the Liquid Phase . . . . . . . . . VI . Solution of the Drying Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII . The Diffusion Theory of Drying . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 126 153 165 175 192 194 1