Membrane Fusion In Fertilization, Cellular Transport, And Viral Infection

Current Topics in Membranes and Transport VOLUME 32 Membrane Fusion in Fertilization, Cellular Transport, and Viral Infection Advisory Board G . Blobel E. Carafoli 3. S. Cook D.Louvard Cur rent Top ics in Membranes and Transport Edited by Felix Bronner D i ~ p i r r t t n ~ wot/ BioStrrrctrrrc trnd Firnc.tiori The University of Connecticut Health C r n t e r School of Dental Medicine Farrnington, Connecticut VOLUME 32 Membrane Fusion in Fertilization, Cellular Transport, and Viral Infection Guest Editors Nejat Duzguneg Felix Bronner Department qf Pharmaceutical Chemistty Cuncer Reseurch Institute and Schools of Medicine and Phnrniacy Uniuersity of Californiu San Francisco. California Ikpurttnctit @) 0 1 BioStrrrc.trrri, rrncl Frorc~ti~~ri The University of Connecticut Health Center School of' Dental Medicine Farrnington, Connecticirt ACADEMIC PRESS, INC Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers San Diego New York Berkeley Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto COPYRIGHT 0 1988 BY ACADEMICPRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL. INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 1250 Sixth Avenue San Diego, California 92101 United Kingdom Edirion published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. ( L O N D O N ) LTD. 24-28 Oval Road, London NWI 7DX LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG ISBN 0-12-153332-8 CARD (alk. paper) PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 8 8 8 9 9 0 9 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 NUMBER: 70-117091 Contents Contributors, ix Preface, xi Peter Baker, xv Yale Membrane Transport Processes Volumes, xvii PART I. MEMBRANE FUSION IN FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT Chapter 1. Sperm-Egg Fusion RYUZO YANAGIMACHI I . Introduction. 4 11. Morphology of Sperm-Egg Fusion, 4 Ill. Specific Sites for Sperm-Egg Fusion, 13 IV. V. VI. VII. Sperm Movement and Sperm-Egg Fusion, 18 Intermingling of Sperm and Egg Plasma Membrane, 19 Species Specificity of Sperm-Egg Fusion, 20 How Long Does the Egg Plasma Membrane Remain Capable of Fusing with Spermatozoa after the Entry of the First Spermatozoon'?, 24 VI11. Conditions Controlling Sperm-Egg Fusion. 26 IX. Effects of Miscellaneous Substances on Sperm-Egg Fusion, 31 X . Mechanism of Sperm-Egg Fusion. 34 References, 35 Chapter 2. Cortical Exocytosis in the Sea Urchin Egg ROBERT C . JACKSON AND JOSEPH H. CRABB 1. Introduction, 45 11. The Calcium Signal, 51 111. In Virro Models of Exocytosis, 56 IV. Conclusions, 73 V. Addendum. 74 References, 76 V vi CONTENTS Chapter 3. Myoblast Fusion-A Mechanistic Analysis MICHAEL J. 0. WAKELAM 1. Introduction, 88 11. Morphological Aspects of Myoblast Fusion, 88 Ill. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. Kinetics of Myoblast Fusion, 92 Structure-Function Relationships in Myoblast Plasma Membranes, 94 Fusion-Induced Changes in Membrane Organization, 99 Proposed Mechanisms of Myoblast Fusion, I01 Stimulation of Myoblast Fusion, 106 Conclusions, 107 References, 107 PART 11. CELLULAR TRANSPORT-EXOCYTOSIS AND ENDOCYTOSIS Chapter 4. Exocytosis in Elect