Advances in INSECT PHYSIOLOGY VOLUME 9 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in Insect Physiology Edited by J. E. TREHERNE, M. J. BERRIDGE and V. B. WIGGLESWORTH Department of Zoology, The University, Cambridge, England VOLUME 9 1972 ACADEMIC PRESS London and New York ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NW1 United States Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 1 11 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10003 Copyright 0 1972 by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfdm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 63-14039 ISBN: 0-12-024209-5 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY THE WHITEFRIARS PRESS LTD., LONDON AND TONBRIDGE List of Contributors to Volume 9 B. BACCETTI, Institute of Zoology, University of Siena, Italy (p. 3 15) M. J. BERRIDGE, Agricultural Research Council Unit of Invertebrate Chemistry and Physiology, Department of Zoology of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, England (p. 1 ) R. G. BRIDGES, Agricultural Research Council Unit of Invertebrate Chemistry and Physiology, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, England (p. 5 1 ) E. M. EISENSTEIN, Department of Biophysics, 128 Chemistry Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, U.S.A. (p. 11 1 ) P. W. MILES, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 2379, Lusaka, Zambia (p. 183) Y. PICHON, Institut de Neurophysiologie, C.N.R.S., Gif-mr-Yvette 92, France (P. 257) W. T. PRINCE, Agricultural Research Council Unit of Invertebrate Chemistry and Physiology, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, England (p. 1 ) J . E. TREHERNE, Agricultural Research Council Unit of Invertebrate Chemistry and Physiology, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, England (p.257) V This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 9 . . . . . . . . . . v THE ROLE OF CYCLIC AMP AND CALCIUM IN HORMONE ACTION MICHAEL J . BERRIDGE AND WILLIAM T . PRINCE Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1. The Structure and Function of Calliphora Salivary Glands . . . 111. The 5-HT-receptor Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . IV . The Role of Cyclic AMP and Calcium as Intracellular Messengers . A. The Role of Cyclic AMP . . . . . . . . . . . . B. The Role of Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. TheMode of Action of Cyclic AMP andcalcium . . . . . . A. The Effect of 5-HT and Cyclic AMP on Potential . . . . B. Evidence for the Independent Action of Cyclic AMP and . . . . . . . . . . . Calcium on Ion Transport C. The Time Course of the Cyclic AMP and Calcium Effects . VI . Control of Secretion-A Model of Hormone Action . . . . . VII . Comparison of 5-HT Action with that of Other Hormones . . . A. Aggregation of the Slime Mould, Dictyostelium discoideum . B. Synaptic Transmission-The Role of Cyclic AMP and Calcium inPre-andPost-synaptic Events . . . . . . . C. The Action of Epinephrine on the Heart . . . . . . . D. Excitation-Secretion Coupling . . . . . . . . . . E. Control of Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. Transporting Epithelia-The Toad Bladder . . . . . . VIII . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notes Added in Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. 1 2 5 12 12 19 21 23 26 28 31 32 33 34 36 36 37 39 41 42 49 CHOLINE METABOLISM IN INSECTS R . G. BRIDGES I. I1. 111. IV . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 Choline Metabolism in Vertebrates . . . . . . . . .