Taiwanese Identity And Democracy: The Social Psychology Of Taiwan's 2004 Elections

TAIWANESE IDENTITY AND DEMOCRACY THE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF TAIWAN’S 2004 ELECTIONS Olwen Bedford and Kwang-Kuo Hwang T aiwanese Identity and Democracy : T he Social Psychology of T aiwan ’s 2004 Elections Olwen Bedford and Kwang-Kuo Hwang TAIWANESE IDENTITY AND DEMOCRACY © Olwen Bedford and Kwang-Kuo Hwang, 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN-13: 978–1–4039–7433–4 ISBN-10: 1–4039–7433–0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bedford, Olwen. Taiwanese identity and democracy : the social psychology of Taiwan’s 2004 elections / Olwen Bedford, Kwang-Kuo Hwang. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1–4039–7433–0 1. Elections—Taiwan. 2. Democracy—Taiwan. 3. Nationalism—Taiwan. 4. Taiwan—Politics and government—2000– I. Hwang, Kwang-Kuo. II. Title. JQ1538.B43 2006 324.9524⬘905—dc22 2006041576 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: September 2006 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America. Contents Acknowledgments 1. Identity, Democracy, Populism, and Nationalism iv 1 2. Taiwanese Consciousness and the Referendum Law 15 3. The Referendum and Taiwan’s International Relations 29 4. The Defensive Referendum 43 5. The Referendum Debates 61 6. Expanding Taiwanese Consciousness 83 7. Negative Campaigning 105 8. Protests and Conflict 119 9. Identity and Culture 145 10. The Law and Justice 163 11. Faith Unites, Reason Divides 183 12. Let One-Hundred Flowers Bloom 199 Appendix 1 203 Appendix 2 205 Notes 207 Past Publications 227 Index 231 Acknowledgments We would like to acknowledge the following people for their support, helpful comments, and suggestions in preparing this work: Chen Wei-wu, Jacques van Wersch, Anna Bedford, and Jerry Bedford. C hapter 1 I dentity, Democracy, P opulism, and N ationalism He who considers wealth a good thing can never bear to give up his income; he who considers eminence a good thing can never bear to give up his fame. He who has a taste for power can never bear to hand over authority to others. Holding tight to these things, such men shiver with fear; should they let them go, they would pine in sorrow. They never stop for a moment of reflection, never cease to gaze with greedy eyes— they are men punished by Heaven. Zhuangzi On March 19, 2004, Taiwan’s incumbent president Chen Shui-bian was shot while campaigning near his hometown in Southern Taiwan. The next day he became the victor