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Part of a series, this book explores volcanoes and also examines the subject in relation to history, art, music, geography, language, mathematics and many other aspects of knowledge and culture.
E-Book Content
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BY SALLY M. WALKER
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MINNEAPOLIS
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The photographs in this book are used with the permission of: Austin Post/U.S. Geological Survey, pp. 1, 6 (background), 14 (background), 24 (background), 32 (background), 36 (background), 39, 44–47 (background); © Art Wolfe/The Image Bank/Getty Images, p. 1 (title type); © Brad Lewis/Visuals Unlimited, p. 4; © Amos Nachoum/CORBIS, p. 5; © Tarko Sudiarno/AFP/Getty Images, p. 6; © G. Brad Lewis/Science Faction /Getty Images, p. 7; © Alison Wright/Robert Harding World Imagery/Getty Images, p. 8; © Doug Perrine/SeaPics.com, p. 10; C. Stoughton/U.S. Geological Survey, p. 11; R. L. Christiansen /U.S. Geological Survey, p. 12; D. W. Peterson/U.S. Geological Survey, pp. 13, 48 (bottom); National Park Service, p. 14; © Adam Jones/Visuals Unlimited, p. 15; © Inga Spence/Visuals Unlimited, p. 17; © Altitude/Peter Arnold, Inc., p. 19; © Travel Pix/Taxi/Getty Images, p. 20; © Bill Curtsinger/National Geographic/Getty Images, p. 21; © Science VU/NURP/Visuals Unlimited, p. 22; D. A. Swanson/U.S. Geological Survey, pp. 24, 48 (top); © Roger Ressmeyer/CORBIS, p. 25; © Marli Miller/Visuals Unlimited, pp. 26, 40; © William Huber/Stone+/Getty Images, p. 27; U.S. Geological Survey, pp. 28, 37; © Gerald & Buff Corsi/Visuals Unlimited, p. 29; © Charles Rogers/Visuals Unlimited, p. 30; © Raymond K. Gehman/National Geographic/Getty Images, p. 31; © Layne Kennedy/CORBIS, p. 32; © Scientifica/Visuals Unlimited, p. 33; © Wally Eberhart/Visuals Unlimited, pp. 34, 35; © Digital Vision/Getty Images, pp. 36, 46; © Bay Ismoyo/AFP/Getty Images, p. 38; J. D. Griggs/U.S. Geological Survey, p. 41; © Ron and Patty Thomas/Taxi/Getty Images, p. 42; © David Roth/Taxi/Getty Images, p. 43; © Bruce Alexander/AFP/Getty Images, p. 47. Front cover: © Sylvain Grandadam/Stone/Getty Images. Front cover Title Type: © Art Wolfe/The Image Bank/Getty Images. Back cover: © Reuters/CORBIS. Illustrations on pp. 9, 16, 18, 23 by Laura Westlund, copyright © by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Copyright © 2008 by Sally M. Walker All rights reserved. International copyright secured. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the prior written permission of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc., except for the inclusion of brief quotations in an acknowledged review. Lerner Publications Company A division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. 241 First Avenue North Minneapolis, MN 55401 U.S.A. Website address: www.lernerbooks.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Walker, Sally M. Volcanoes / by Sally M. Walker. p. cm. — (Early bird earth science) Includes index. ISBN-13: 978–0–8225–6733–2 (lib. bdg. : alk. paper) 1. Volcanoes—Juvenile literature. I. Title. QE521.3.W349 2008 551.21—dc22 2007001948 Manufactured in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 – JR – 13 12 11 10 09 08
eISBN-13: 978-1-58013-623-5
CONTENTS Be A Word Detective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Chapter 1
WHAT IS A VOLCANO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Chapter 2
WHERE DO VOLCANOES FORM? . . . . . . . . . . 14 Chapter 3
KINDS OF VOLCANOES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Chapter 4
ROCKS FROM VOLCANOES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Chapter 5
VOLCANOES AND PEOPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 A Note to Adults on Sharing a Book . . . . . . . . . .