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Walter Kaufmann devoted his life to exploring the religious implications ol literary and philosophical texts. Deeply skeptical about the human and moral bene? ts of modern secularism, he also criticized the quest for certainty pursued through dogma. Kaufmann saw a risk of loss of authenticity in what he described as unjusti? ed retreats into the past. Th is is a compilation of signi? cant texts on religious thought that he selected and introduced. Th e organization of this anthology reveals the breadth and scope of Kaufmann's interests. It includes chapters on neo-Th omism and writings of morally engaged existentialists along with Kaufmann's introductory remarks. Gottfried's new introduction thoroughly explains Kaufmann's beliefs and relates them to various nineteenth-century philosophers of religion, including Mendelssohn, Goethe, Nietzsche, and Tolstoy. Religion from Tolstoy to Camus is of continuing importance to philosophers, theologians, historians, and students of religious literature.
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RELIGION FROM TOLSTOT TO CAMUS
h^RPGR f CORCbBOOkS
A reference-list of Harper by
subjects,
is
Torchbooks, classified end of this volume.
printed at the
I^ELIGION
FROM TOLSTOY TO
CAMUS Selected,
with an introduction and prefaces,
Walter ^aufmann
HARPER TORCHBOOKS The
Cloister Library
HARPER & ROW, PUBLISHERS NEW YORK AND EVANSTON
TO HERMAN AND SARAH WOUK
WHO ST.
LED
ME TO LOVE
THOMAS,
V.
I.
RELIGION FROM TOLSTOY TO CAMUS Copyright
New material
1961
by "Walter Kaufmann.
1964 by Walter Kaufmann. copyright Printed in the United States of America.
All rights in this
book
are reserved.
No
part of this
book
or reproduced in any manner whatsoever in the case of brief quotations without written permission except
may be used
embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address Harper & Row, Publishers, Incorporated, 49 East 3$rd Street, New York 16, N.Y. This book was originally published by Harper & Brothers, Publishers, in 1961. First HARPER TORCHBOOK edition published 1964 by
Harper & Row,
Publishers, Incorporated
Library of Congress catalog card number: 61-12838.
RELIGION FROM TOLSTOY TO CAMUS Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following publishers for permission to use from the works indicated.
selections
THE BEACON PRESS, BOSTON: Europe cmd the Jews, by Malcolm Hay, copyright 1950 by The Beacon Press under the tide The Foot of Pnde. BENZIGER BROTHERS, INCL, NEW YORK- "Aetemi Patxis" by Leo Xm, in The "Swnma Theologtca" of St. Thomas Aquinas, 1911; copyright 1947 by Benziger Brothers, Inc. BASIL BLACKWELL, OXFORD. "Gods," in Philosophy and Psycho-analysis, by John Wisdom, 1957; copyright 1953 by Basil Blackwell (Grateful acknowledgment is also made of
Professor Wisdom's permission.) THE DEVIN-ADAIR COMPANY, NEW YORK, Dogmatic Canons and Decrees by Pius EX, 1912. GROVE PRESS, INC., NEW YORK: 'Reflections on the Guillotine," in Evergreen Review, Vol. I,
No.
by Albert Camus,
3,
Press, Inc. (Grateful
by Richard Howard, copyright 1957 D 7 GTOVQ also made of permission by the French pub-
translated
is
acknowledgment
Calmann-Levy, Paris.) HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK: Christian Beginnings, by Morton Scott F.nslfn, copyright 1938 by Harper & Brothers; Approaches to God, by Jacques Maritain, copyright 1954 lisher,
by Jacques
&
Dynamics
Maritain,
by Paul
Tttlich,
The Gestapo
Defi