E-Book Overview
Computer techniques have made online measurements available at every sampling period in a chemical process. However, measurement errors are introduced that require suitable techniques for data reconciliation and improvements in accuracy. Reconciliation of process data and reliable monitoring are essential to decisions about possible system modifications (optimization and control procedures), analysis of equipment performance, design of the monitoring system itself, and general management planning. While the reconciliation of the process data has been studied for more than 20 years, there is no single source providing a unified approach to the area with instructions on implementation. Data Processing and Reconciliation for Chemical Process Operations is that source. Competitiveness on the world market as well as increasingly stringent environmental and product safety regulations have increased the need for the chemical industry to introduce such fast and low cost improvements in process operations. Key Features* Introduces the first unified approach to this important field * Bridges theory and practice through numerous worked examples and industrial case studies* Provides a highly readable account of all aspects of data classification and reconciliation* Presents the reader with material, problems, and directions for further study
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DATA PROCESSING AND RECONCILIATION FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS OPERATIONS
This is Volume 2 of PROCESS SYSTEMS ENGINEERING A Series edited by George Stephanopoulos and John Perkins
DATA PROCESSING AND RECONCILIATION FOR CHEM ICAL PROCESS OPERATIONS
Jos~ A. Romagnoli
Department of Chemical Engineering University of Sydney Sydney, Australia
Mabel Cristina S~nchez Planta Piloto de Ingenierfa Qufmica Bahia Blanca, Argentina
ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego
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This book is printed on acid-free paper. ( ~ Copyright 9 2000 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part ofthe work should be mailed to: Permissions Department, Harcourt Brace & Company, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida, 32887-6777
Academic Press A Harcourt Science and Technology Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.apnet.com
Academic Press 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX, UK http://www.hbuk.co.uk/ap/ Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 99-60407 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-594460-8 PRINTED 1N THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 99 00 01 02 03 04 MM 9 8 7 6
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To Liliana, Juliana, Jos6 Ignacio, my mother, and the memory of my father Jos~ A. Romagnoli July 1998
To Brenda, Guillermo, Fernanda, Gabriel, and the memory of my father Mabel C. Sdnchez July 1998
It is good to have an end to journey towards but it is the journey that matters, in the end. Ursula Le Guin The Left Hand of Darkness
CONTENTS
PREFACE XIII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XV
I General Introduction 1.1. Reliable and Complete Process Knowledge 2 1.2. Some Issues Associated with a General Data Reconciliation Problem 5 1.3. About This Book 6 References 7
2 Estimability and Redundancy within the Framework of the General Estimation Theory
2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5.
Introduction 9 Basic Concepts and Definitions 10 Decomposition of the General Estimation Problem Structural An