A DVANCES IN Advisory Board Martin Alexander Eugene J. Kamprath Cornell University North Carolina State University Kenneth J. Frey Larry P. Wilding Iowa State University Texas A&M University Prepared in cooperation with the American Society of Agronomy Monographs Committee P. S. Baenziger Jon Bartels Jerry M. Bigham M. B. Kirkham William T. Frankenberger, Jr. Chairman David H. Kral Dennis E. Rolston Sarah E. Lingle Diane E. Stott Joseph W. Stucki Kenneth J. Moore Gary A. Peterson D V A N C E S I N onomy VOLUME 58 Edited by Donald L. Sparks Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Delaware Newark, Delaware ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego London Boston NewYork Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1997 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press, Inc. 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.apnet.com Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NW 1 7DX, UK http://www.hbuk.co.uk/ap/ International Standard Serial Number: 0065-21 13 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-000758-4 PRINTED IN THE UNITEDSTATES OF AMERICA 96 97 9 8 9 9 00 01 BB 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents CONTRIBUI-ORS. ............................................ PREFACE. ................................................. ix xi EFFECTOF SORPTIONON BIODEGRADATION OF SOILPOLLUTANTS Kate M. Scow and Carol R. Johnson I. Introduction. .............................................. 11. Overview of Sorption.. ..................................... 111. Biodegradation of Sorbed Chemicals. ......................... N. Analogies between Sorbed Chemical Degradation and Carbon Flow in Soil.. .................................. V. Factors Controlling Coupled Biodegradation and Sorption.. . . . . . VI. Bioremediation of Sorbed Chemicals. ......................... VII. Future Research Needs and Directions ........................ References ................................................ 1 3 12 30 32 42 47 48 HERBICIDE RESISTANCE:IMPACT AND MANAGEMENT S. B. Powles, C. Preston, I. B. Bryan, and A. R. Jutsum I. Introduction: Major Crops and Herbicide Markets.. ............ 11. The Threat from Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. .................. 111. Managing Herbicide Resistance .............................. IV. Conclusions ............................................... References ................................................ 57 64 71 83 84 PHYSICAL NONEQUILIBFUUM MODELING APPROACHES TO SOLUTETRANSPORT IN SOILS Liwang Ma and H. M. Selim I. Introduction. .............................................. 11. Mobile-Immobile Two-Region Models. ....................... 111. Two-Flow Domain Models. ................................. IV Capillary Bundle Models,. .................................. V. Multiple-Flow Domain Models .............................. VI. Coupled Physical and Chemical Nonequilibrium Models . . . . . . . . V 95 101 116 122 124 126 CONTENTS vi w. Field Applications .......................................... VIII. Summary and Conclusion ................................... Appendix: Nomenclature .................................... References ................................................ I. I1. 111. lv. SILICON MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE RICEPRODUCTION N . K . Savant. G. H. Snyder. and L. E . D