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Technologies and Systems for Access and Transport Networks
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Technologies and Systems for Access and Transport Networks Jan A. Audestad
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ISBN-13: 978-1-59693-299-9
Cover design by Igor Valdman
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Contents Preface CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Evolution of Telecommunications 1.2 What Is Important Knowledge: Generic Technologies or Detailed System Overviews? 1.3 Composition of the Text CHAPTER 2 Networks and Services 2.1 Access, Transport, and Platform 2.1.1 Transport of Bits 2.1.2 Routing 2.1.3 Mobility 2.2 Types of Networks 2.2.1 Transport (or Backbone) Network 2.2.2 Access Networks 2.3 Stupid and Intelligent Networks 2.3.1 Concept 2.3.2 A Note on the Protocol Structure of the Internet 2.3.3 The Line of Demarcation Between Network and Application in the Internet 2.3.4 Network Neutrality 2.3.5 The Commercial Life Below the Demarcation Line 2.3.6 Is There Any Business for the Network Operator Above the Demarcation Line? 2.4 Overlay Access 2.5 Domains and Interworking 2.6 Heterogeneity 2.7 Real-Time and Nonreal-Time Systems 2.8 Backward Compatibility 2.8.1 Commercial Reasons 2.8.2 Technological Reasons 2.8.3 Political Reasons
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2.9 Standards 2.10 Access to the Common: Regulation of the Utilization of the Frequency Spectrum CHAPTER 3 Synchronization 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 Synchronous 3.1.2 Asynchronous 3.1.3 Plesiochronous 3.1.4 Isochronous 3.1.5 Anisochronous 3.2 Reality Is Not So Simple: Bits, Words, Envelopes, and Frames 3.3 How to Acquire Synchronism: Phase-Locked Loop 3.3.1 Description of the Loop 3.3.2 Applications 3.4 Synchronization in Synchronous Networks 3.4.1 What Type of Synchronization Is Required? 3.4.2 Clock Hierarchies 3.4.3 Master-Slave (Link-by-Link) Synchronization 3.4.4 Signal Restoration: Elastic Store 3.5 Interconnection of Plesiochronous Networks: Application of Elastic Store 3.6 Synchronization of Envelopes of Constant Length 3.6.1 Direct Acquisition and Tracking of Envelopes 3.6.2 Acquisition and Tracking Using Error Detection: ATM Synchronization 3.7 Synchronization of Radio Systems 3.7.1 General Synchronization Sequences in TDMA and Random Access Systems 3.7.2 GSM: Timing Advance Procedure 3.7.3 Wireless LAN: Finding the Information in Sporadically Transmitted Frames 3.7.4 Satellite Systems: Managing Long Delays 3.7.5 Application of Scrambling and Interleaving
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CHAPTER 4 Multiplexing
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4.1 Multiplex Structures 4.2 Static Multiplexing: Frequency Division Multiplexing 4.2.1 Principle 4.2.2 Translatio