Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY edited by A. H. ROSE School of Biological Sciences Bath University England J. GARETH MORRIS Department of Botany and Microbiology University College of Wales A beryst wy th Volume 23 1982 ACADEMIC PRESS A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers London New York Paris San Diego San Francisco SAo Paulo Sydney Tokyo Toronto ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road London NW 1 7DX United States Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS LTD. 1 I1 Fifth Avenue New York. New York 10003 Copyright @ 1982 by ACAfXMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, . or any other means, without the written permission from the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Advances in microbial physiology.-Vol. I . Micro-organisms-Physiology 576'. 11'05 QR84 ISBN &12-027723-9 LCCCN 67-19850 Printed in Great Britain by Fletcher and Son Ltd, Norwich 23 Contributors P. BALL, Department of’ Microbiology, Medical School, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1T D , England (present address: Pall Biomedical Ltd. Portsmouth, PO1 3PD, England) I. CHOPRA, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1 T D , England J. H. DUFFUS, Department of’ Brewing and Biological Sciences, Heriot- Watt University, Edinburgh EH1 1H X , Scotland A. A. EDDY, Department of Biochemistry, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 l Q D , England C. LEVI, Department of’ Brewing and Biological Sciences, Heriot- Watt University, Edinburgh EH1 l H X , Scotland D . J. MANNERS, Department of Brewing and Biological Sciences, HeriotWatt University, Edinburgh EHI 1H X , Scotland I. W. SUTHERLAND, Department of Microbiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9 YL, Scotland This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents Mechanisms of Solute Transport in Selected Eukaryotic Micro-Organisms by A. A. EDDY I. Kinetics and Energetics . 11. Ion transport in Neurospora crassa 111. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. . A. ATP and electrogenesis . B. Enzymic basis of the plasma-membrane proton pump . Transport of sodium and potassium ions and protons in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the enzymic basis of the proton pump in the yeast plasma membranes . A. Divalent ions . Amino-acid transport in yeast . A. Metabolic and physical compartments . B. Relation between amino-acid transport and metabolism . c. D-Asparagine assimilation . D. Gluthione and the y-glutamyl cycle. . E. Genetically distinct pathways of amino-acid absorption . F. Purine, pyrimidine and other yeast transport systems . G. Reversibility of solute transport: the problem of intracellular compartments . H. Transinhibition and transinactivation in feedback control of solute . uptake I. Role of the vacuolar compartment . . J. The phenomenon of shock excretion . K. Vacuolar transport systems . L. The mechanism of energy coupling during amino-acid transport in yeast . M. The extent of amino-acid concentration by yeast . N. Amino-acid efflux and the proton gradient hypothesis . 0. Gradient coupling and purine and pyrimidine transport in yeast P. Studies with yeast-membrane vesicles and amino acid-binding proteins . Carbohydrate transport in yeast . . A. Monosaccharides and the phosphorylation controversy . B. Monosaccharide transport in yeasts other than Saccharomyces cerevisiae . C. Proton symport in yeasts with monosaccharides, disaccharides and polyols' . D. Respiration-dependent proton symport in Rhodotorula grac