History In Dispute, Volume 18 - The Spanish Civil War

HISTORY ADVISORY BOARD Robert Cowley Founding Editor, Military History Quarterly John Lewis Gaddis Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History, Yale University James G. Hershberg Assistant Professor of History and International Affairs, George Washington University Townsend Hoopes Undersecretary of the Air Force (19671969) Michael Spirtas Center for National Policy and U.S.-CREST Janice Gross Stein Professor of Political Science, University of Toronto Marc Trachtenberg Professor of History, University of Pennsylvania Fareed Zakaria Managing Editor, Foreign Affairs HISTORY IN DISPUTE Volume 18 The Spanish Civil War Edited by Kenneth W. Estes and Daniel Kowalsky Detroit • New York • San Francisco • San Diego • New Haven, Conn • Waterville, Maine • London • Munich History in Dispute Volume 18: The Spanish Civil War Kenneth W. Estes and Daniel Kowalsky Editorial Directors Matthew J. Bruccoli and Richard Layman Series Editor Anthony J. Scotti Jr. © 2005 Gale, a part of Cengage Learning Inc. Cengage and Burst Logo are trademarks and Gale and St. James Press are registered trademarks used herein under license. For more information, contact Gale, an imprint of Cengage Learning 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, Ml 48331-3535 Or you can visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com . ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/ , or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to: Permissions Department Gale, an imprint of Cengage Learning 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Permissions Hotline: 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253, ext. 8006 Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058 While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, Gale, an imprint of Cengage Learning does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. Gale, an imprint of Cengage Learning accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONTROL NUMBER: 00-266495 ISBN 1-55862-494-5 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 CONTENTS About the Series xiii Acknowledgments xiv Permissions xv Preface by Kenneth W. Estes and Dan Kowalsky xvii Chronology by Kenneth W. Estes and Dan Kowalsky xxv Abraham Lincoln Battalion and Ideology: Were the American volunteers of the Abraham Lincoln Battalion motivated by loyalty to the Communist Party? Yes. The American volunteers were recruited by the Communist Party and generally supported communist programs in Spain. (Elizabeth Roberts) No. The American volunteers fought to save the Republic from overthrow by the fascists and not for the Communist Party. (Cary Nelson) Air Power: Did the great powers gain useful information from the use of air power during the Spanish Civil War? Yes. The great powers learned much about air transportation, ground support, and strategic bombing during the Spanish conflict that was applied during World War II. (James S. Corum) No. Air power during the Spanish Civil War demonstrated little of its potential. (Kenneth W. Estes) Alliances: Did the Spanish Civil War divide the wor