Ionospheric Precursors Of Earthquakes

Sergey Pulinets Kirill Boyarchuk Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes Sergey Pulinets Kirill Boyarchuk Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes With 182 Figures, 3 in colour Professor Sergey Pulinets Instituto de Geofísica Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitária, Delegación de Coyoacán Código 04510, México D.F. México E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Kirill Boyarchuk Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism Ionosphere and Radiowave Propagation Russian Academy of Sciences Troitsk, Moscow Region, 142190 Russia E-mail: [email protected] Library of Congress Control Number: 2004107505 ISBN 3-540-20839-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: E. Kirchner, Heidelberg Production: A. Oelschläger Typesetting: G. Oesterlein Printing: Mercedes-Druck, Berlin Binding: Stein + Lehmann, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 32/2132/AO 5 4 3 2 1 0 Preface Using the kind permission given to me by my co-author, this short preface will be written in my name. I want to devote this book to San Juan city in Argentina. It is not only due to the fact that the city was twice completely destroyed after the devastating earthquakes in 1941 and 1977, but also because my stay there completely changed my life. Changes included changing my career from the field of space plasma physics to Earth sciences and geophysics, and changes in my personal life giving me happiness and compliance in my present family. Going back to the subject of the book, it should be noted that the history of the question asked by the book is very complicated and intricate. Starting in the 1930s from the observation of seismogenic electric fields, the area of seismo-ionospheric coup